Introduction to Platelets
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Questions and Answers

What triggers primary hemostasis upon blood vessel injury?

  • Nucleated blood components
  • Platelets
  • Endothelial cell inflammatory proteins (correct)
  • Subendothelial cholesterol

What is the normal range of platelets in women?

  • 120-350x10^9/L
  • 100-300x10^9/L
  • 250-500x10^9/L (correct)
  • 150-400x10^9/L

What factor recruits megakaryocyte progenitors from common myeloid progenitors?

  • Thrombopoietin (TPO) (correct)
  • Leukopoietin
  • Erythropoietin
  • Monocytopoietin

Which cells act to balance megakaryocytopoiesis and erythropoiesis through their opposing actions?

<p>GATA-1 and MYB (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow?

<p>Produce platelets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what type of patients are platelets slightly lower?

<p>Those over 65 years old (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which progenitor stage is the most immature in the megakaryocyte lineage?

<p>BFU-Meg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the progenitor stage of CFU-Meg Diploids?

<p>Undergoes endomitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription factors are associated with endomitosis in the megakaryocyte lineage?

<p>RUNX1 and NF-E2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the terminal differentiation of a Promegakaryocyte into a Megakaryocyte (MK-I)?

<p>Formation of proplatelet processes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do Megakaryocytes release platelets from during terminal differentiation?

<p>Proplatelet processes into circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the alternative name for the Eicosanoid synthesis pathway?

<p>Prostaglandin pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin G2 and prostaglandin H2?

<p>Cyclooxygenase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does TXA2 have on adenylate cyclase activity?

<p>Decelerates it (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Prostacyclin in endothelial cells?

<p>Raises cyclic CAMP levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway is triggered by G-proteins and involves phospholipase C activation?

<p>IP3-DAG activation pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What binds guanosine diphosphate (GDP) when G-proteins are inactive?

<p>Cyclooxygenase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate size of a mature megakaryocyte (MK-III)?

<p>20-90 um (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which transcription gene product suppresses megakaryocyte differentiation?

<p>MYB (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main growth factor responsible for inducing thrombocytopoiesis?

<p>Thrombopoietin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are sequestered platelets mainly found?

<p>Spleen (white pulp) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which platelets compensate for thrombocytopenia and have diameters larger than ordinary mature platelets?

<p>Reticulated platelets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of the platelet contains glycoproteins related to the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems?

<p>Peripheral zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phospholipase C in the context described?

<p>It cleaves membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to form IP3 and DAG, which are second messengers for intracellular activation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of IP3 in the context described?

<p>It promotes the release of ionic calcium from the dense tubular system (DTS), which triggers actin microfilament contraction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of DAG in the context described?

<p>It triggers a multistep process involving the activation of phosphokinase C, which triggers phosphorylation of the protein pleckstrin, which regulates actin microfilament contraction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using EDTA in the platelet counting procedure described?

<p>To prevent clotting of the blood sample during the counting process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a phase-contrast microscope in the platelet counting procedure described?

<p>To visualize and count the platelets in the sample. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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