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What are lymphomas?
What are lymphomas?
Lymphomas are a group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes and cause the characteristic clinical features of lymphadenopathy.
What are the two main types of lymphoma?
What are the two main types of lymphoma?
What is the main difference between Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
What is the main difference between Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, while Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma does not.
What histological subtype of Hodgkin's disease is characterized by collagen bands and lacunar cells?
What histological subtype of Hodgkin's disease is characterized by collagen bands and lacunar cells?
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Which of these is NOT a clinical symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Which of these is NOT a clinical symptom of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
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Hodgkin's lymphoma typically arises in a single node or chain of nodes and spreads characteristically to contiguous lymph nodes.
Hodgkin's lymphoma typically arises in a single node or chain of nodes and spreads characteristically to contiguous lymph nodes.
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What type of lymphoma is characterized by large cells with prominent nucleoli that efface nodal architecture?
What type of lymphoma is characterized by large cells with prominent nucleoli that efface nodal architecture?
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What type of lymphoma is characterized by a "starry sky" appearance?
What type of lymphoma is characterized by a "starry sky" appearance?
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What is the predominant feature of myelofibrosis?
What is the predominant feature of myelofibrosis?
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What is the blood film in myelofibrosis characterized by?
What is the blood film in myelofibrosis characterized by?
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What is the main characteristic of essential thrombocythemia?
What is the main characteristic of essential thrombocythemia?
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Polycythemia Vera is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by increased red cell production.
Polycythemia Vera is a clonal stem cell disorder characterized by increased red cell production.
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Study Notes
Hematology
- Hematology is the study of blood and blood disorders.
- Lymphomas are diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes accumulating in lymph nodes.
- Lymphadenopathy is a characteristic feature of lymphomas, often accompanied by splenomegaly
- Lymphomas are divided into Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
- Hodgkin's lymphoma is characterized by Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells.
- RS cells are large, binucleated, with a clear halo surrounding the nucleus.
- Hodgkin's lymphoma subtypes include nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, lymphocyte-rich, and lymphocyte-depleted.
- Lymph node architecture is often effaced by large cells in Non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
- Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas include Burkitt's lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
- Burkitt's lymphoma is characterized by a high mitotic rate, typically affecting children and young adults.
- Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is characterized by large cells with prominent nucleoli and open chromatin.
- Reactive nodular hyperplasia is a reactive lymphoid tissue response.
- Reactive hyperplasia is often characterized by lymphoid follicles with germinal centers.
- Essential thrombocytosis is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, characterized by a persistently elevated platelet count
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
- Myeloproliferative disorders involve uncontrolled proliferation of blood-forming cells.
- These include Polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and myelofibrosis (MF).
- Polycythemia vera is associated with increased red blood cell production, and often presents with elevated Hb and Hct levels.
- Essential thrombocythemia is characterized by an elevated platelet count.
- Myelofibrosis features bone marrow fibrosis along with extramedullary hematopoiesis in organs such as the spleen and liver.
- Myelofibrosis may exhibit peripheral blood changes such as leukoerythroblastosis.
- Clinical features of these disorders may include fatigue, splenomegaly, thrombosis, or pruritus.
- Laboratory findings may vary.
- Molecular analysis often reveals mutations in genes like JAK2, CALR, and MPL.
- Bone marrow analysis shows characteristic features for each condition
Diagnostic Approach
- Clinical evaluation is crucial in diagnosing blood disorders. These include thorough history taking and physical examination.
- Laboratory tests, such as complete blood counts (CBC), blood chemistry studies, and bone marrow biopsies aid diagnosis.
- Imaging with PET/CT can be used to determine spread of disease.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in hematology, focusing on lymphomas. You'll learn about Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, their characteristics, and subtypes such as Burkitt's lymphoma. Test your knowledge on the features and classification of these blood disorders.
