Hematology: Lymphoma Overview

Diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulate in lymph nodes, leading to characteristic lymphadenopathy. May sometimes spread to the blood ('leukaemic phase') or infiltrate organs outside the lymphoid tissue.

A group of disorders arising from bone marrow stem cells characterized by clonal proliferation of one or more hematopoietic components in the bone marrow.

Reactive nodular hyperplasia is a non-malignant, reactive process that occurs in lymph nodes in response to various stimuli like infections, autoimmune disorders, or inflammation.

Marked by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in lymph nodes. These cells are large, binucleated or bilobed, with prominent nucleoli.

A group of lymphomas characterized by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells, and are generally more aggressive than Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Large, abnormal cells found in Hodgkin's lymphoma, characterized by binucleated or bilobed nuclei with prominent nucleoli.

A subcategory of Hodgkin's lymphoma with lymphocyte-rich infiltrate and a few Reed-Sternberg cells.

A subcategory of Hodgkin's lymphoma with a mixed infiltrate of lymphocytes and Reed-Sternberg cells.

A subcategory of Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by broad bands of fibrosis separating tumor nodules., featuring lacunar cells - large cells with a prominent surrounding space.

A subcategory of Hodgkin's lymphoma with sparse lymphocytes and abundant Reed-Sternberg cells.

A subcategory of Hodgkin's lymphoma characterized by a nodular architecture and the presence of 'popcorn cells' - large, pale-staining lymphohistiocytic cells.

A highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma characterized by a starry-sky appearance due to tingible body macrophages containing nuclear debris scattered among tumor cells.

A common and aggressive subtype of NHL. It is characterized by large, atypical B cells with prominent nucleoli.

One of the three major types of MPDs, characterized by an excess of red blood cells, leading to a high hematocrit.

One of the three major types of MPDs, characterized by unusually high platelet count.

One of the three major types of MPDs, characterized by bone marrow fibrosis, splenomegaly, and often anemia.

A clinical manifestation of PV, characterized by burning pain, redness, and swelling in the extremities.

A blood test used to detect the presence of specific mutations in the JAK2, CALR, or MPL genes, which are characteristic of certain MPDs.

A procedure involving extraction of bone marrow for microscopic examination to assess the cellularity, morphology, and presence of fibrosis.

A blood test that measures the level of erythropoietin in the blood. Erythropoietin is a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.

A measure of the overall activity of neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. Elevated NAP scores are usually associated with infections.

A group of signs and symptoms commonly seen in some lymphomas, including fever, night sweats, and unintentional weight loss.

A method of imaging that uses a radioactive tracer to detect abnormal metabolic activity in tissues and organs.

A type of medical imaging that combines the anatomical detail of CT scans with the functional information of PET scans.

A diagnostic procedure involving removal of a section of tissue for microscopic examination.

The removal of an entire tumor or lesion for analysis.

An abnormal increase in the size of the spleen.

An abnormal increase in the size of the liver.

A microscopic examination of a blood sample to assess the number, size, and shape of blood cells.

The appearance of immature red and white blood cells in the peripheral blood, often seen in myelofibrosis.

A type of red blood cell with a teardrop shape, often seen in myelofibrosis.

A blood test that measures the levels of specific chemicals in the blood, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and uric acid.

A complete blood count, a test that measures the different types of blood cells in the blood.