Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which diagnostic method is used to determine the specific lineage of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cells?

Cerebrospinal fluid check

Abdominal ultrasound

Chest X-ray

Lymph node biopsy with histopathologic analysis/immunophenotyping (correct)

What is the most common initial clinical manifestation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)?

Rapid weight gain

High fever with chills

Painless enlargement of lymph nodes (correct)

Severe abdominal pain

What is the primary treatment approach for early-stage (Stage I, II) indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)?

Observation without treatment

Surgical removal of affected lymph nodes

Radiation therapy alone (correct)

Intensive combination chemotherapy only

Which of the following is considered a systemic manifestation associated with the rapid growth of abnormal lymphoid cells in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)?

Drenching night sweats Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor in determining the appropriate treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)?

Whether the NHL is categorized as indolent or aggressive Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cellular origin of lymphomas?

Lymphoid stem cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lymphoma is more prevalent?

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic clinical manifestation of Hodgkin lymphoma?

Painless, progressive lymph node enlargement Signup and view all the answers

What cells are pathognomonic in Hodgkin Lymphoma?

Reed-Sternberg cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a known risk factor for Hodgkin lymphoma?

Autoimmune disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical spread of Hodgkin lymphoma following the development of a primary tumor?

Spread to contiguous lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the decline in mortality rates for adults with Hodgkin lymphoma?

Enhanced radiation and chemotherapy Signup and view all the answers

In Hodgkin Lymphoma, what type of cell is believed to be of neoplastic origin?

Reed-Sternberg cells or Hodgkin cells Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most indicative of Hodgkin lymphoma?

Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical manifestation is NOT typically associated with Hodgkin lymphoma?

Swelling of the noncontiguous lymph nodes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary basis for determining the treatment approach for Hodgkin lymphoma?

Clinical staging of the disease. Signup and view all the answers

Which genetic anomaly is most commonly observed in patients with follicular lymphoma?

Mutations in the BCL-2 gene. Signup and view all the answers

How does Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) differ from Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in terms of cellular characteristics?

NHL is defined by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common systemic symptom associated with Hodgkin lymphoma?

Pruritus. Signup and view all the answers

What does a stage IV designation of lymphoma indicate?

Disseminated involvement of organs outside the lymphatic system. Signup and view all the answers

In the staging of lymphomas, what does the 'A' designation signify?

Absence of specific systemic manifestations. Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic method is most significant for confirming a Hodgkin lymphoma diagnosis?

Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells. Signup and view all the answers

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas can spread through which systems?

Lymphatic and vascular systems Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lymphoma Overview

Lymphoma is a diverse group of solid tumors originating from lymphoid stem cells.
Lymphomas can form in lymph tissues and bone marrow, potentially affecting the spleen and liver.
Lymphomas are categorized as Hodgkin or Non-Hodgkin.

Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)

Pathophysiology: Characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells (binucleated/multinucleated giant cells). The exact origin is debated, but the cell type is recognized as neoplastic . This is accompanied by other inflammatory cells. Understanding the exact pathogenesis is still ongoing.
Clinical Manifestations: About 80% of patients present with painless, enlarging cervical lymph nodes, which have a firm (rubbery) texture. Other symptoms, like low-grade fever, night sweats, pruritus (itching), weight loss, and fatigue, may also occur. In 20% of cases, a mediastinal mass (greater than 1/3 of the chest diameter) is present, along with possible splenomegaly (enlarged spleen) or hepatomegaly (enlarged liver).
Staging: Staging ranges from I (single lymph node involvement) to IV (extensive involvement of multiple organs). Stage A generally lacks systemic manifestations. Stage B presents with conditions like unexplained fever, drenching night sweats, and unexplained weight loss.
Diagnosis: A combination of medical history, physical examination, lab tests, and imaging studies like CT scans to detect tumor size and location are used. The key diagnostic finding is the recognition of Reed-Sternberg cells.
Treatment: Treatment varies based on the stage of the disease. Early-stage HL (Stage IA or IIA) may respond to chemotherapy alone, while later-stage cases (Stages III and IV) often involve a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Reduced radiation doses are typically recommended for children. Survival rates vary with stage.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)

Pathophysiology: Unlike Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL doesn't involve Reed-Sternberg cells. It arises from B-cells or T-cells and is typically more common than Hodgkin lymphoma. Genetic factors, viral infections, and immunodeficiencies may play a role.
Clinical Manifestations: Systemic symptoms, weight loss, fever, and night sweats may indicate that the lymphoma has progressed beyond the initial localized nodes. There are varied presenting symptoms, depending on the specific subtype.
Staging: Similar to Hodgkin's, staging progresses from single-node involvement to widely spread involvement of noncontiguous lymph nodes and organs. Specific markers like BCL-2 gene mutations are associated with a type of follicular lymphoma.
Diagnosis: Patient history and physical examination are crucial for assessing lymph nodes and possible systemic symptoms. In addition to lymph node biopsy to confirm NHL, histopathological and immunophenotyping analysis will be performed to determine cell lineage. CT/MRI/PET scans help to determine tumor size and location. Spinal fluid may be sampled to rule out metastases.
Treatment: The treatment protocol is usually based on the type of NHL and the extent of spread. It often involves chemotherapy, sometimes in combination with radiation therapy, tailored to the specific type. Early stage cases may use radiation alone, while later stage cases will require aggressive combinations of chemo and/or radiation therapies.

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Description

Test your knowledge on non-Hodgkin lymphoma, its diagnostic methods, clinical manifestations, treatment approaches, and related risk factors. This quiz covers essential concepts crucial for understanding this type of cancer and its comparison with Hodgkin lymphoma.