Hematology Overview and Blood Functions
5 Questions
0 Views

Hematology Overview and Blood Functions

Created by
@CrisperClarinet1024

Podcast Beta

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is hematology primarily concerned with?

  • The scientific study of blood structure and function (correct)
  • The examination of digestive disorders
  • The analysis of lung capacity
  • The study of skin diseases
  • Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?

  • Excitation of muscle contraction (correct)
  • Defense against infections
  • Regulation of body temperature
  • Transport of carbon dioxide
  • What is the normal pH range of blood?

  • 7.35 - 7.45 (correct)
  • 6.95 - 7.05
  • 7.45 - 7.55
  • 7.25 - 7.35
  • How much of the body weight does blood approximately account for in a normal adult?

    <p>6-8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is a major component of the liquid phase of blood?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hematology

    • The study of blood, bone marrow, and the hemostasis system.
    • Includes disorders of lymph nodes and related tissues.
    • Encompasses a range of diseases including:
      • Genetic diseases (e.g., hemoglobinopathies, thalassemias)
      • Immune diseases (e.g., immune hemolytic anemia)
      • Malignancies (e.g., leukemias, lymphomas).
    • Has played a crucial role:
      • Studying blood and its disorders
      • Understanding gene structure and function
      • Recognizing the importance of chromosomal abnormalities in malignancies
      • Advancing molecular biology of neoplasia

    Blood

    • Constitutes 6-8% of body weight in healthy adults.
    • Total volume is approximately 5 liters.
    • Distribution:
      • Systemic veins: 3 liters
      • Arterial system: 1 liter
      • Lungs: 1 liter
    • Specific gravity: 1.050 - 1.060
    • Viscosity: 2-5 times that of water
    • Salinity: 0.85

    Blood Functions

    • Respiration:
      • Transport of oxygen from lungs to tissues.
      • Transport of CO2 from tissues to lungs for excretion.
    • Nutrition:
      • Transports absorbed food materials from the digestive system to other parts of the body.
    • Excretion:
      • Transports metabolic wastes to kidneys, lungs, skin, and intestines for removal.
    • Acid-Base Balance:
      • Maintains normal blood pH (7.35-7.45).
    • Water Balance:
      • Regulates water exchange between circulating fluid and tissue fluid.
    • Temperature Regulation:
      • Distributes body heat; blood temperature is 38°C.
    • Defense:
      • Provides defense against infection through white blood cells (WBCs) and circulating antibodies.
    • Hormone Transport:
      • Transports hormones for metabolic regulation.

    Blood Composition

    • Consists of two phases:
      • Liquid phase (plasma):
        • Water, electrolytes (Na+, Ca++, HCO3-, Cl-), proteins, and other substances like sugar, fat, vitamins, and hormones.
      • Solid phase (formed elements):
        • Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
        • Leukocytes (white blood cells)
        • Platelets

    Blood Components

    • Plasma: 55% of blood volume

      • Serum: Plasma without fibrinogen, fibrin, Factor II, Factor V, Factor VIII. Rich in serotonin.
      • Fibrinogen: Key component of blood clotting.
    • Solid Phase: 45% of blood volume

      • Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

    Plasma

    • Normal volume: 25-45 ml/kg of body weight.
    • Specific gravity: 1.027.
    • Components:
      • Approximately 92% water
      • 8% substances including proteins, ions, nutrients, gases, and waste products.
    • Plasma proteins:
      • Albumin: 60% of plasma proteins; important for osmotic pressure of blood and water movement.
      • Globulin: 36% of plasma proteins; includes antibodies and complement (important in immune system).
      • Fibrinogen: 4% of plasma proteins; crucial for blood clot formation.

    Plasma Volume

    • Remains relatively constant.
    • Water intake: Digestive tract
    • Water loss: Kidneys, lungs, digestive tract, skin.

    Composition of Plasma

    • Electrolytes: Cations (Na+, K+, Mg++) and anions (Cl-, HCO3-, SO4, PO4).

    • Proteins: Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, transferrin, haptoglobin, hemopoietin.

    • Other contents: Cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins, glucose, urea, uric acid, iron, coagulation factors.

    • Note: All plasma proteins are produced by the liver except for gamma-globulin, which is produced by plasma cells.

    Functions of Plasma Proteins

    • Osmotic pressure (oncotic pressure): Maintained at 25 mmHg, primarily by albumin. Hypoalbuminemia can lead to reduced oncotic pressure and edema.
    • Transport system: Many substances are transported in the blood by plasma proteins:
      • Albumin: Ca+2, bilirubin, sulpha drugs.
      • Alpha-globulin: B12, thyroxin (T3), cortisol.
      • Beta-globulin: Cholesterol, lipids, insulin, vitamin A, PO4, K+.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Hematology PDF - First Lecture

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts in hematology, including the study of blood, bone marrow, and related disorders. It also delves into the functions of blood in respiration and its significance in various diseases. Test your knowledge of hematological concepts and the composition of blood.

    More Like This

    Introduction to Hematology - Blood Functions
    24 questions
    Hematology: Study of Blood Components
    10 questions
    Hematology: Blood Functions and Diseases
    16 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser