Hematologic Disorders II Lecture Quiz

Hematologic Disorders Overview

• Thrombocytopenia is characterized by lower than normal platelet levels in the blood, with three main types: Hemophilia A, Hemophilia B, and Hemophilia C, each with varying incidence rates.
• Von Willebrand Disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder, affecting both males and females, with a deficiency in Von Willebrand factor leading to a bleeding tendency of varying severity.
• Antiphospholipid Syndrome, an autoimmune disorder, causes hypercoagulability and is associated with an increased risk of clotting, leading to complications such as DVT, pulmonary embolism, and stroke.
• Multiple Myeloma, the most common primary bone cancer, results in the malignant proliferation of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to symptoms such as hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, and bone pain.
• Lymphadenopathy, characterized by swollen lymph nodes, can be caused by various factors including immunologic or inflammatory conditions, neoplastic diseases, and endocrine disorders.
• Hodgkin’s Lymphoma presents as painless neoplastic tumors of the lymph nodes and is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells, while Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is a neoplastic tumor of the lymph nodes that does not present with Reed-Sternberg cells.
• Sjögren's Syndrome can lead to severe dry eyes and dry mouth and patients with this syndrome are significantly more likely to develop Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
• Ocular Manifestation of Lymphoma, particularly Non-Hodgkin’s, is relatively rare but can occur, with 50% of primary orbital malignancies being related to lymphoma.
• The incidence of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is approximately 8000 cases annually with an 84% survival rate, while Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma has a higher incidence and is more common, with approximately 70,000 cases annually and a 5-year survival rate of 70%.
• The confirmation of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is through a lymph node biopsy, while the confirmation of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma is based on the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells and the presence of neoplastic tumors of the lymph nodes.
• The treatment for both Hodgkin’s and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma involves chemotherapy, radiation, and medication, with Sjögren's Syndrome patients being 46 times more likely to develop NHL.
• Ocular Manifestation of Lymphoma, particularly Non-Hodgkin’s, is relatively rare but can occur, with 50% of primary orbital malignancies being related to lymphoma, and the diagnosis is done via biopsy, with treatment options including medications, radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy.

Test your understanding of hematologic disorders by interpreting CBC and clotting test results, and recognizing the pathophysiology and clinical findings of coagulopathies such as thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, von Willebrand’s disease, APLS, and Factor V Leiden.