Cardiac System

Automaticity = The ability to initiate its own electrical impulse Excitability = The ability to respond to electrical stimulus Conductivity = The ability to transmit electrical impulse from cell to cell within the heart Contractility = The ability to stretch as a single unit and then passively recoil while actively contracting

Norepinephrine, Epinephrine = Adrenal medulla Angiotensin = Kidney Vasopressin = Posterior pituitary Aldosterone = Adrenal cortex

Cardiac Output = The amount of blood pumped per minute Stroke Volume = Blood ejected with each myocardial contraction Mean Arterial Pressure = 1/3 SBP + 2/3 DBP Cardiac Index = The amount of blood pumped per minute per square meter of body mass

<p>Cardiac Output = 4-6 liters/min Cardiac Index = 2.5-4.2 L/min/m2 Ejection Fraction = &gt;55% Mean Arterial Pressure = 70-110 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ejection fraction = Percentage of blood emptied from the ventricle during systole Myocardial Oxygen Demand (MVO2) = energy cost to the myocardium Mean Arterial Pressure = pressure during each cycle of heartbeat Pulse Pressure = SBP-DBP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>Orthopnea = difficulty breathing in supine Platypnea = difficulty breathing in upright Tropopnea = difficulty breathing in sidelying</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers