Heart Valves Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the cardiovascular system in relation to nutrients and wastes?

  • To transport them (correct)
  • To produce hormones
  • To clot blood
  • To regulate body temperature

    • What is the name of the membrane that surrounds and protects the heart?

  • Mediastinum
  • Diaphragm
  • Serous membrane
  • Pericardium (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of the heart?

  • Producing hormones (correct)
  • Adapting to changes
  • Regulating pH
  • Pumping blood

    • What is the location of the mediastinum?

    <p>Between the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the inferior portion of the heart?

    <p>Apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

    <p>To hold the heart in the mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the papillary muscles in the heart?

    <p>To prevent the valves from being forced open in the opposite direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sound made by the blood turbulence associated with the closing of the semilunar valves?

    <p>dup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circulation is responsible for delivering oxygenated blood to the body tissues?

    <p>Systemic Circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cardiac muscle cells generate their own action potentials?

    <p>Autorhythmic fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of the conduction system in the heart?

    <p>SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibres, ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the SA node in the heart?

    <p>In the right atrial wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) activity on heart rate?

    <p>Increases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of thyroid hormones in regulating heart rate and contractility?

    <p>Increase heart rate and contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts?

    <p>Preload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of elevated blood levels of calcium on heart rate and contractility?

    <p>Increase heart rate and contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) activity on heart rate?

    <p>Decreases heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of blood that fills the ventricles at the end of diastole?

    <p>End diastolic volume (EDV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of immunoglobulins produced by plasma cells?

    <p>To neutralize, inhibit, or destroy antigens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of immunoglobulin is most commonly found in blood, lymph, and intestines?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to immune function with aging?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of exercise on the immune system?

    <p>It depends on the type and intensity of exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of IgE in the immune system?

    <p>To protect against parasitic worms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of post-exercise massage on the immune system?

    <p>It has a positive effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?

    <p>120 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of red blood cells?

    <p>Hemopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of eosinophils in the immune system?

    <p>Fighting off parasitic infections and allergic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increased white blood cell count?

    <p>Leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of platelets in the blood?

    <p>To help stop bleeding and promote clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest arterial pressure during ventricular systole?

    <p>Systolic blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>To drain excess interstitial fluid and transport lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid that filters freely from blood capillaries into interstitial space?

    <p>Lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

    <p>To filter lymph and trap foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the largest lymphatic vessel that drains the left side of the head and neck?

    <p>Thoracic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiovascular System

    • Functions:
      • Transportation of nutrients and wastes
      • Immunity and protection
      • Regulation of pH, body temperature, and fluid levels
    • Structures:
      • Heart
      • Blood vessels
      • Blood

    Heart

    • Location: Mediastinum, roughly the size of a closed fist
    • Functions:
      • Pumping
      • Adaptation to changes
      • Homeostasis
    • Structure:
      • Apex (inferior portion)
      • Base (superior portion)

    Mediastinum

    • Boundaries:
      • Superiorly: First rib
      • Inferiorly: Diaphragm
      • Anteriorly: Sternum (breastbone)
      • Posteriorly: Vertebral column (spine)
    • Contents:
      • Heart and its large vessels
      • Trachea
      • Esophagus
      • Thymus and lymph nodes
      • Connective tissue

    Connective Tissues of the Heart

    • The Pericardium:
      • Fibrous pericardium (outer layer)
      • Serous pericardium (inner layer)
    • Functions:
      • Protects the heart
      • Allows for movement

    Valves of the Heart

    • Atrioventricular (AV) valves:
      • Prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria
    • Semilunar valves:
      • Prevent backflow of blood from arteries to ventricles
    • Heart sounds:
      • "Lub" - AV valves closing
      • "Dup" - semilunar valves closing

    Blood Circulation

    • Pulmonary circulation:
      • Deoxygenated blood returns from body tissues to the right atrium
      • Pumps blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen
    • Systemic circulation:
      • Oxygenated blood returns from lungs to the left atrium
      • Pumps blood to body tissues

    Coronary Circulation

    • The heart's own circulation system
    • Coronary arteries branch off from the aorta and encircle the heart

    Conduction System of the Heart

    • Specialized cardiac muscle cells generate their own action potentials
    • Conduction system:
      • SA node
      • AV node
      • Bundle of His
      • Bundle branches
      • Purkinje fibers
    • Functions:
      • Regulates heart rhythm
      • Controls heart rate

    Factors Affecting Heart Rate

    • Hormones (e.g., epinephrine, thyroid hormones)
    • Ions (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium)
    • Age, sex, fitness level, body temperature

    Stroke Volume

    • Factors affecting stroke volume:
      • Preload (degree of stretch on the heart)
      • Contractility (strength of contraction)
      • Afterload (blood pressure)

    Blood Composition

    • Red blood cells (RBCs):
      • Contain hemoglobin
      • Carry oxygen
      • Live for approximately 120 days
    • Leukocytes (WBCs):
      • Fight off foreign invaders
      • Phagocytosis and immune responses
    • Platelets:
      • Help stop bleeding
      • Contain substances to promote clotting
      • Live for 5-9 days

    Lymphatic System

    • Functions:
      • Drainage of excess interstitial fluid
      • Transportation of lipids
      • Protection and immune responses
    • Structures:
      • Lymph (fluid)
      • Lymphatic vessels
      • Lymph nodes
      • Red bone marrow (where blood cells develop)

    Lymphatic Flow

    • Capillaries merge into lymphatic vessels
    • Lymphatic vessels merge into trunks
    • Trunks merge into ducts
    • Ducts drain into subclavian veins
    • Maintained by:
      • Skeletal muscle pump
      • Diaphragmatic breathing/respiratory pump
      • Smooth muscle contraction (minimal contribution)

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    T1 Phys - Topic 8 - Circulatory - Apr 2021 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the heart valves, including AV valves and semilunar valves, and their functions in the cardiac cycle. Learn how blood flows through the heart and how the valves control the direction of blood flow. Take this quiz to assess your understanding of the heart's valves.

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