Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Treatment

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Which medication class is known to belong to RAS Inhibitors?

Beta-blockers

Diuretics

Calcium channel blockers

ACE Inhibitors (correct)

What is the main mechanism of action of beta-blockers used for heart failure?

Positive inotropic effect

Increase heart rate

Decrease blood pressure

Negative inotropic effect (correct)

Which medication class is known to inhibit the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and is used in heart failure?

Loop diuretics

Potassium-sparing diuretics

Thiazide diuretics

SGLT2 Inhibitors (correct)

What is a common adverse drug reaction associated with digoxin use?

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

According to 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline, which of the following is a main therapy for heart failure?

ACE Inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be avoided in heart failure due to its potential negative effects?

Calcium channel blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of milrinone, a medication used in heart failure?

Positive inotropic effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between systolic and diastolic dysfunction?

Systolic dysfunction results in impaired contraction, while diastolic dysfunction involves impaired relaxation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs belongs to RAS Inhibitors and what is its mechanism of action?

Losartan - Blocks the angiotensin II receptor Signup and view all the answers

What is the main adverse drug reaction associated with digoxin use?

Arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be avoided in heart failure due to its negative effects on the cardiovascular system?

NSAIDs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors used in heart failure treatment?

Inhibit sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates dopamine from dobutamine in terms of their mechanisms of action for heart failure treatment?

Dopamine enhances renal blood flow and natriuresis, while dobutamine increases heart rate. Signup and view all the answers

Why should sympathomimetics be avoided in heart failure?

They have a negative inotropic effect Signup and view all the answers

Why are NSAIDs, corticosteroids, CCB, and sympathomimetics usually avoided in heart failure treatment?

They can cause worsening of heart failure symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors used in heart failure treatment?

Blockade of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates dopamine from dobutamine in terms of their mechanisms of action for heart failure treatment?

Dopamine acts on dopaminergic, beta-adrenergic, and alpha-adrenergic receptors; dobutamine acts mainly on beta-adrenergic receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between systolic and diastolic dysfunction?

Systolic dysfunction is characterized by reduced ejection fraction, while diastolic dysfunction is characterized by normal ejection fraction Signup and view all the answers

Why should RAS Inhibitors be used cautiously in patients with heart failure?

They can lead to hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with the use of digoxin in heart failure?

Hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

Why are loop diuretics commonly associated with potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) when used concomitantly with digoxin?

Loop diuretics decrease potassium levels, predisposing to digoxin toxicity Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should be avoided in diastolic heart failure due to its negative effects on the cardiovascular system?

Milrinone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect associated with nesiritide use?

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Which drug interaction should be considered when using loop diuretics concurrently with digoxin?

Quinidine Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is preferable over dopamine and dobutamine due to its mechanism of action in heart failure?

Nesiritide Signup and view all the answers

What is the main therapy recommended for heart failure according to the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline?

SGLT2 inhibitors Signup and view all the answers

Why should corticosteroids be avoided in heart failure treatment?

They worsen edema Signup and view all the answers

Which drug would be most appropriate to use in a patient with digoxin toxicity and hypokalemia?

Digoxin immune fab Signup and view all the answers

Which drug should be avoided in diastolic heart failure due to its potential negative effects on the cardiovascular system?

Verapamil Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse drug reaction associated with milrinone use?

Hypotension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs belongs to RAS Inhibitors?

Hydralazine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the mechanisms of action of ISMN, hydralazine, and Na-nitroprusside?

Vasodilation in different vascular beds Signup and view all the answers

Why should sympathomimetics be avoided in heart failure treatment?

They worsen ventricular remodeling Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Nesiritide?

Reduction of preload and afterload Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of dopamine and dobutamine in heart failure treatment.

Dopamine acts mainly on dopaminergic receptors while dobutamine acts mainly on adrenergic receptors Signup and view all the answers

In heart failure, why should loop diuretics be used cautiously when given with quinidine, verapamil, and antacids?

Risk of severe hypokalemia Signup and view all the answers

Which medication has a dual effect by improving left ventricular ejection fraction and reducing afterload in heart failure?

Hydralazine Signup and view all the answers

Why should NSAIDs be avoided in heart failure?

They impair renal function Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic distinguishes Carlanor® from Verquvo® and Campzyos® in heart failure treatment?

Positive inotropic effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the common adverse drug reaction associated with the use of Na-nitroprusside in heart failure?

Cyanide toxicity Signup and view all the answers

When should dopamine be preferred over dobutamine in heart failure treatment?

When vasopressor effects are required Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately characterizes the use of sympathomimetics in heart failure treatment?

They increase myocardial oxygen demand Signup and view all the answers

Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Treatment

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Questions and Answers

Which medication class is known to belong to RAS Inhibitors?

What is the main mechanism of action of beta-blockers used for heart failure?

Which medication class is known to inhibit the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and is used in heart failure?

What is a common adverse drug reaction associated with digoxin use?

According to 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline, which of the following is a main therapy for heart failure?

Which medication should be avoided in heart failure due to its potential negative effects?

What is the primary mechanism of action of milrinone, a medication used in heart failure?

What is the primary difference between systolic and diastolic dysfunction?

Which of the following drugs belongs to RAS Inhibitors and what is its mechanism of action?

What is the main adverse drug reaction associated with digoxin use?

Which medication should be avoided in heart failure due to its negative effects on the cardiovascular system?

What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors used in heart failure treatment?

What differentiates dopamine from dobutamine in terms of their mechanisms of action for heart failure treatment?

Why should sympathomimetics be avoided in heart failure?

Why are NSAIDs, corticosteroids, CCB, and sympathomimetics usually avoided in heart failure treatment?

What is the main mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors used in heart failure treatment?

What differentiates dopamine from dobutamine in terms of their mechanisms of action for heart failure treatment?

What is the primary difference between systolic and diastolic dysfunction?

Why should RAS Inhibitors be used cautiously in patients with heart failure?

What is the primary adverse effect associated with the use of digoxin in heart failure?

Why are loop diuretics commonly associated with potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) when used concomitantly with digoxin?

Which medication should be avoided in diastolic heart failure due to its negative effects on the cardiovascular system?

What is the primary adverse effect associated with nesiritide use?

Which drug interaction should be considered when using loop diuretics concurrently with digoxin?

Which drug is preferable over dopamine and dobutamine due to its mechanism of action in heart failure?

What is the main therapy recommended for heart failure according to the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline?

Why should corticosteroids be avoided in heart failure treatment?

Which drug would be most appropriate to use in a patient with digoxin toxicity and hypokalemia?

Which drug should be avoided in diastolic heart failure due to its potential negative effects on the cardiovascular system?

What is a common adverse drug reaction associated with milrinone use?

Which of the following drugs belongs to RAS Inhibitors?

What is the primary difference between the mechanisms of action of ISMN, hydralazine, and Na-nitroprusside?

Why should sympathomimetics be avoided in heart failure treatment?

What is the primary mechanism of action of Nesiritide?

Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of dopamine and dobutamine in heart failure treatment.

In heart failure, why should loop diuretics be used cautiously when given with quinidine, verapamil, and antacids?

Which medication has a dual effect by improving left ventricular ejection fraction and reducing afterload in heart failure?

Why should NSAIDs be avoided in heart failure?

Which characteristic distinguishes Carlanor® from Verquvo® and Campzyos® in heart failure treatment?

What is the common adverse drug reaction associated with the use of Na-nitroprusside in heart failure?

When should dopamine be preferred over dobutamine in heart failure treatment?

Which statement accurately characterizes the use of sympathomimetics in heart failure treatment?

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