Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Treatment
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Questions and Answers

Which medication class is known to belong to RAS Inhibitors?

  • Beta-blockers
  • Diuretics
  • Calcium channel blockers
  • ACE Inhibitors (correct)

    • What is the main mechanism of action of beta-blockers used for heart failure?

  • Positive inotropic effect
  • Increase heart rate
  • Decrease blood pressure
  • Negative inotropic effect (correct)

    • Which medication class is known to inhibit the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) and is used in heart failure?

  • Loop diuretics
  • Potassium-sparing diuretics
  • Thiazide diuretics
  • SGLT2 Inhibitors (correct)

    • What is a common adverse drug reaction associated with digoxin use?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline, which of the following is a main therapy for heart failure?

    <p>ACE Inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be avoided in heart failure due to its potential negative effects?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of milrinone, a medication used in heart failure?

    <p>Positive inotropic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between systolic and diastolic dysfunction?

    <p>Systolic dysfunction results in impaired contraction, while diastolic dysfunction involves impaired relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs belongs to RAS Inhibitors and what is its mechanism of action?

    <p>Losartan - Blocks the angiotensin II receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main adverse drug reaction associated with digoxin use?

    <p>Arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be avoided in heart failure due to its negative effects on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>NSAIDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors used in heart failure treatment?

    <p>Inhibit sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates dopamine from dobutamine in terms of their mechanisms of action for heart failure treatment?

    <p>Dopamine enhances renal blood flow and natriuresis, while dobutamine increases heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should sympathomimetics be avoided in heart failure?

    <p>They have a negative inotropic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are NSAIDs, corticosteroids, CCB, and sympathomimetics usually avoided in heart failure treatment?

    <p>They can cause worsening of heart failure symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of SGLT2 inhibitors used in heart failure treatment?

    <p>Blockade of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 in the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates dopamine from dobutamine in terms of their mechanisms of action for heart failure treatment?

    <p>Dopamine acts on dopaminergic, beta-adrenergic, and alpha-adrenergic receptors; dobutamine acts mainly on beta-adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between systolic and diastolic dysfunction?

    <p>Systolic dysfunction is characterized by reduced ejection fraction, while diastolic dysfunction is characterized by normal ejection fraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should RAS Inhibitors be used cautiously in patients with heart failure?

    <p>They can lead to hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect associated with the use of digoxin in heart failure?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are loop diuretics commonly associated with potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) when used concomitantly with digoxin?

    <p>Loop diuretics decrease potassium levels, predisposing to digoxin toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication should be avoided in diastolic heart failure due to its negative effects on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Milrinone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect associated with nesiritide use?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug interaction should be considered when using loop diuretics concurrently with digoxin?

    <p>Quinidine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is preferable over dopamine and dobutamine due to its mechanism of action in heart failure?

    <p>Nesiritide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main therapy recommended for heart failure according to the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline?

    <p>SGLT2 inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should corticosteroids be avoided in heart failure treatment?

    <p>They worsen edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug would be most appropriate to use in a patient with digoxin toxicity and hypokalemia?

    <p>Digoxin immune fab</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug should be avoided in diastolic heart failure due to its potential negative effects on the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Verapamil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse drug reaction associated with milrinone use?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs belongs to RAS Inhibitors?

    <p>Hydralazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the mechanisms of action of ISMN, hydralazine, and Na-nitroprusside?

    <p>Vasodilation in different vascular beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should sympathomimetics be avoided in heart failure treatment?

    <p>They worsen ventricular remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Nesiritide?

    <p>Reduction of preload and afterload</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compare and contrast the mechanisms of action of dopamine and dobutamine in heart failure treatment.

    <p>Dopamine acts mainly on dopaminergic receptors while dobutamine acts mainly on adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In heart failure, why should loop diuretics be used cautiously when given with quinidine, verapamil, and antacids?

    <p>Risk of severe hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has a dual effect by improving left ventricular ejection fraction and reducing afterload in heart failure?

    <p>Hydralazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should NSAIDs be avoided in heart failure?

    <p>They impair renal function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic distinguishes Carlanor® from Verquvo® and Campzyos® in heart failure treatment?

    <p>Positive inotropic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common adverse drug reaction associated with the use of Na-nitroprusside in heart failure?

    <p>Cyanide toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should dopamine be preferred over dobutamine in heart failure treatment?

    <p>When vasopressor effects are required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately characterizes the use of sympathomimetics in heart failure treatment?

    <p>They increase myocardial oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

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