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Heart Failure: Left and Right Sided Heart Failure

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Heart Failure: Left and Right Sided Heart Failure

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Questions and Answers

Which stage of heart failure is characterized by the presence of structural disorders or abnormal filling pressures of the heart, but no symptoms?

Stage C

Stage A

Stage D

Stage B (correct)

What is the term for heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction, also known as a 'filling problem'?

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) (correct)

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Diastolic dysfunction

Systolic dysfunction

What is the primary characteristic of Stage C heart failure?

Symptoms of heart failure present at rest

No symptoms of heart failure

Symptoms of heart failure present with intense activity (correct)

Inadequate cardiac output at rest

Which of the following is a characteristic of Stage A heart failure?

No structural changes or symptoms of heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the reduction of stroke volume due to a ventricle chamber that is too small and cannot relax enough to allow adequate filling?

Diastolic dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Stage D heart failure?

Inadequate cardiac output at rest and eventually unable to sustain life Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of heart failure?

A syndrome resulting from various cardiac disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of concentric hypertrophy in heart failure?

Aortic stenosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased inflammatory cytokine signaling in cardiac muscle remodeling?

More efficient immune response signaling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cardiac disorders can lead to heart failure?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of heart failure management?

To improve cardiac output and stroke volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased mitochondrial density and function in cardiac muscle remodeling?

Increased glycolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of left-sided heart failure?

Inadequate tissue perfusion Signup and view all the answers

Which medication class is used to reduce sympathetic stress on the heart in heart failure management?

Beta blockers Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of right-sided heart failure?

Systemic blood vessel congestion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is used to promote nitric oxide signaling in heart failure management?

Isosorbide dinitrate Signup and view all the answers

What is a goal of lifestyle changes in heart failure management?

Reducing or removing risk factors Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of medication used to reduce volume and pressure stress on the ventricle in heart failure management?

Diuretics Signup and view all the answers