Heart Defects and Conditions

• Aortic valve stenosis involves the narrowing of the aortic valve opening.
  • This restricts blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta.
• Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a birth defect.
  • It presents as a hole in the wall (septum) between the two upper heart chambers (atria).
• Coarctation of the aorta involves a narrowing of the aorta.
  • The aorta is the large blood vessel carrying blood from the heart to the body.
• Complete atrioventricular canal defect is a heart defect.
  • It involves a large hole in the heart's center, affecting all four chambers.
• Bacterial endocarditis is an infection.
  • It affects the inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves.
• Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occurs when the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth.
  • The ductus arteriosus is a blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta.
• Pulmonary valve stenosis is a narrowing of the pulmonary valve.
  • This restricts blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.
• Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is an opening between the heart's right and left atria (upper chambers).
  • Everyone has a PFO before birth.
  • In some individuals, it doesn't close naturally after birth.
• Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a chronic, progressive condition.
  • The heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
• D-transposition of the great arteries is a congenital heart defect.
  • The aorta and pulmonary artery are switched.
• Ebstein's anomaly is a rare heart defect.
  • The tricuspid valve is abnormally formed.
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a disease.
  • The heart muscle becomes abnormally thick.
• Truncus arteriosus is a rare heart defect.
  • A single large blood vessel exits the heart instead of two separate vessels (aorta and pulmonary artery).
• Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart defect with four abnormalities:
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Pulmonary stenosis
  • Right ventricular hypertrophy
  • Overriding aorta
• Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a birth defect.
  • The pulmonary veins do not connect normally to the left atrium.
  • Instead, they drain into other blood vessels or the right atrium.
• Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a hole.
  • It is found in the wall (septum) between the two lower heart chambers (ventricles).

Overview of various heart defects and conditions, including aortic valve stenosis, atrial septal defect (ASD), coarctation of the aorta, and more. These conditions affect the heart's structure and function, impacting blood flow and overall cardiovascular health. Learn about causes, symptoms, and treatments.