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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the SA Node?
What is the primary function of the SA Node?
What does the term coronary arteries refer to?
What does the term coronary arteries refer to?
What condition is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow?
What condition is characterized by chest pain due to reduced blood flow?
Which heart chamber's origin does the inferior vena cava receive blood from?
Which heart chamber's origin does the inferior vena cava receive blood from?
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Which structure in the heart is responsible for conducting electrical impulses?
Which structure in the heart is responsible for conducting electrical impulses?
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What is the main role of nitroglycerin in cardiac treatment?
What is the main role of nitroglycerin in cardiac treatment?
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Which of the following describes the purpose of the fossa ovalis?
Which of the following describes the purpose of the fossa ovalis?
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What is the significance of cardiac output in heart function?
What is the significance of cardiac output in heart function?
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Study Notes
Heart Anatomy
- Pericardium: Membrane surrounding the heart, filled with 10-50 ml of fluid.
- Atrioventricular Valves: Tricuspid and Mitral valves regulate blood flow between the atria and ventricles.
- Conus Arteriosus: Right ventricle outflow tract, also known as the infundibulum
- Superior Vena Cava (SVC): Receives deoxygenated blood from the upper body.
- Inferior Vena Cava (IVC): Receives deoxygenated blood from the lower body.
- SA Node: Heart's primary pacemaker, generating a heart rate of 60-100 bpm.
- AV Node: Secondary pacemaker, generating a heart rate of 40-60 bpm.
- Purkinje Fibers: Conduct electrical impulses throughout the heart, generating a heart rate of 20-40 bpm.
- Fossa Ovalis: Depression in the interatrial septum (IAS) of an adult heart.
- Moderator Band: Muscle structure located in the right ventricle.
- Sinus of Valsalva: Pouch behind each coronary cusp.
- Pulmonary Circulation: Circulation involving the right side of the heart, transporting deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
- Systemic Circulation: Circulation involving the left side of the heart, transporting oxygenated blood to the body.
Electrical Activity
- Bachmann's Bundle: Delivers electrical impulses from the SA node to the left atrium.
- Electrocardiogram (EKG): Measures the electrical activity of the heart.
Heart Layers
- Three Layers of the Heart: Endocardium (inner lining), Myocardium (heart muscle), Epicardium (outer layer).
Coronary Arteries
- Coronary Arteries: Supply blood to the myocardium.
- Aortic Arch Arteries: Brachiocephalic, Left Common Carotid Artery, Left Subclavian Artery.
Heart Function
- Pulmonary Veins: Four veins returning oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
- Heart Sounds: S1, S2, S3, S4, indicating the function of the heart valves.
- Cardiac Output: Calculated as Stroke Volume x Heart Rate, indicating the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
Angina
- Atherosclerosis: Disease characterized by the buildup of fatty plaque within arteries.
- Crista Supraventricularis: Muscle separating the right ventricle inflow and outflow tracts.
- Angina: Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
- Nitroglycerin: Medication for angina, taken sublingually.
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Description
Test your knowledge on heart anatomy with this quiz. Explore key components such as the pericardium, atrioventricular valves, and various structures like the SA node and Purkinje fibers. Perfect for students of anatomy and physiology!
