Heart Anatomy: Borders and Structures
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Questions and Answers

What is the location of point A?

  • On the lower border of the right atrium
  • On the 2nd costal cartilage, 1.5 inches from the midline (correct)
  • On the 3rd costal cartilage, 1 inch from the midline
  • On the upper border of the left atrium

    • What is the characteristic of the anterior wall of the right atrium?

  • It is smooth and posterior
  • It is oval in shape
  • It is a vertical ridge
  • It is rough and has muscular ridges (correct)

    • What is the name of the vertical ridge in the right atrium?

  • Limbus fossa ovalis
  • Crista terminalis (correct)
  • Musculi pectinati
  • Fossa ovalis

    • What is the tricuspid orifice part of?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the posterior wall of the right atrium?

    <p>It is formed of the interatrial septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of point C?

    <p>On the Right 6th costal cartilage, 0.5 inch from the midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of point D?

    <p>On the apex of the heart, in the mid-clavicular line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the depression on the posterior wall of the right atrium?

    <p>Fossa ovalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the orifice that connects the right atrium and ventricle?

    <p>Tricuspid orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the inflow part of the right ventricle?

    <p>It has muscular ridges and papillary muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the orifice that connects the left ventricle and aorta?

    <p>Aortic orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the outflow part of the right ventricle?

    <p>It is smooth and non-muscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the left atrium?

    <p>It is smooth and receives the pulmonary veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the left ventricle?

    <p>It has a thicker wall than the right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the orifice that connects the left atrium and ventricle?

    <p>Mitral orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the outflow part of the left ventricle?

    <p>It is smooth and non-muscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate size of the heart?

    <p>Fist size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sulcus separates the atria from the ventricles?

    <p>Coronary sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the superior border of the heart?

    <p>Formation of the great vessels of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the left border of the heart formed by?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface of the heart is formed by the right atrium and ventricle?

    <p>Sternocostal surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cardiovascular system composed of?

    <p>Heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the apex of the heart?

    <p>Downwards and to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

    <p>To protect the heart from injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of arteries in the body?

    <p>Transport blood away from the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is given by the left coronary artery?

    <p>Anterior interventricular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Coronary sinus?

    <p>A wide venous channel in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Coronary sinus?

    <p>Ends in the right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is NOT present in the inflow part of the right ventricle?

    <p>Fossa ovalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct statement about the Right coronary artery?

    <p>Gives the posterior interventricular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientific term for a wide venous channel in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus?

    <p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Heart Structure and Borders

    • The heart has a hollow muscular structure, approximately the size of a hand fist.
    • It has a base directed upwards and to the right, and an apex directed downwards and to the left.
    • External features of the heart include sulci (grooves), borders, surfaces, and mapping on the chest wall.

    Sulci (Grooves) of the Heart

    • Coronary sulcus (Atrio-ventricular groove): separates the atria from the ventricles.
    • Anterior and posterior inter-ventricular sulci: separate the two ventricles anteriorly and posteriorly.

    Borders of the Heart

    • Superior border: along which arise the great vessels of the heart.
    • Inferior border: slightly concave and consists mainly of the right ventricle.
    • Right border: convex and is formed by the right atrium.
    • Left border: convex and is formed by the left ventricle.

    Surfaces of the Heart

    • Sterno-costal (Anterior) surface: formed of the right atrium, right ventricle (2/3 of ventricular surface), and left ventricle (1/3 of ventricular surface).
    • Diaphragmatic (Inferior) surface: formed of the right ventricle (1/3 of ventricular surface) and left ventricle (2/3 of ventricular surface).
    • Base (Posterior surface): formed of the left atrium.

    Interior of the Right Atrium

    • Anterior wall: shows a series of horizontal muscular ridges (musculi pectinati) arising from a vertical ridge (crista terminalis).
    • Posterior wall: formed of the interatrial septum, showing an oval depression (fossa ovalis) surrounded by a curved margin (limbus fossa ovalis).
    • Orifices in the right atrium:
      • Superior vena caval opening
      • Inferior vena caval opening
      • Coronary sinus
      • Right atrio-ventricular (Tricuspid) orifice

    Interior of the Right Ventricle

    • Inflow part: shows muscular ridges (trabeculae carneae) and papillary muscles (pyramidal in shape) projecting from these ridges.
    • Outflow part (infundibulum): funnel-shaped, smooth, non-muscular, leading upwards to the pulmonary orifice.
    • Orifices in the right ventricle:
      • Tricuspid orifice
      • Pulmonary orifice

    Interior of the Left Atrium

    • Forms the base of the heart
    • Walls are smooth
    • Receives the orifices of the 4 pulmonary veins

    Interior of the Left Ventricle

    • Thicker wall than the right ventricle
    • Inflow part: characterized by more trabeculae carneae than the right ventricle and shows papillary muscles
    • Outflow part (aortic vestibule): smooth and fibrous
    • Orifices in the left ventricle:
      • Mitral orifice
      • Aortic orifice

    Arterial Supply of the Heart

    • Right coronary artery:
      • Gives marginal artery
      • Gives posterior interventricular artery
    • Left coronary artery:
      • Gives anterior interventricular artery
      • Gives circumflex artery

    Venous Drainage of the Heart

    • Coronary sinus: a wide venous channel in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus, ending in the right atrium.

    Cardio-Vascular System (CVS)

    • Includes:
      • Heart
      • Blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries)
      • Lymphatic system

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    Description

    Identify the different parts and borders of the heart, including the atrium, inferior, and superior borders. Learn the anatomy of the heart and its structures.

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