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Heart Anatomy and Function Quiz
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Heart Anatomy and Function Quiz

Created by
@RazorSharpDaisy

Questions and Answers

The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located within the ____.

thorax

The coronary arteries that nourish the myocardium arise from the ____.

aorta

The coronary sinus empties into the ____.

right atrium

The _______ are receiving chambers.

<p>atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ________ are discharging chambers.

<p>ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

The membrane that lines the heart and also forms the valve flaps is called the ____.

<p>endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outermost layer of the heart is called the ____.

<p>epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fluid that fills the pericardial sac acts to decrease ____ during heart activity.

<p>friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

The heart muscle (myocardium) is composed of specialized types of muscle tissue called ____.

<p>cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

From the right atrium through the tricuspid valve to the ____.

<p>right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Through the _______ to the pulmonary trunk.

<p>pulmonary semilunar</p> Signup and view all the answers

To the right and left ____.

<p>pulmonary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

To the capillary beds of the ____.

<p>lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

To the ___________ of the heart through the ______ valve.

<p>left atrium, mitral</p> Signup and view all the answers

To the ___________ through the ________ semilunar valve.

<p>left ventricle, aortic</p> Signup and view all the answers

To the ______, to the systemic arteries, to the ______________ of the body's tissues, to the systemic veins.

<p>aorta, capillary beds</p> Signup and view all the answers

To the ____ and ______, which enter the right atrium of the heart.

<p>superior and inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

The contraction of ventricles is referred to as ____.

<p>systole</p> Signup and view all the answers

The period of ventricular relaxation is called ____.

<p>diastole</p> Signup and view all the answers

The monosyllables describing heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are ____.

<p>lub-dup</p> Signup and view all the answers

Abnormal heart sounds usually indicate valve problems called ____.

<p>murmurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prevent backflow into the ventricles when the heart is relaxed are ____.

<p>pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Prevent backflow into the atria when the ventricles are contracting are ____.

<p>mitral and tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

AV valve with three flaps is called ____.

<p>tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

AV valve with two flaps is called ____.

<p>mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

The pacemaker of the intrinsic conduction system is called ____.

<p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

The point in the intrinsic conduction system where the impulse is temporarily delayed is called ____.

<p>AV node</p> Signup and view all the answers

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart is called ____.

<p>electrocardiogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

An abnormally slow heartbeat, slower than 60 beats per minute is called ____.

<p>bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

A condition where the heart is uncoordinated and useless as a pump is called ____.

<p>fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

An abnormally rapid heartbeat, faster than 100 bpm is called ____.

<p>tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Damage to the AV node, totally or partially releasing the ventricles from the control of the SA Node is called ____.

<p>heart block</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chest pain, resulting from ischemia of the myocardium is called ____.

<p>angina pectoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formula CO = HR x SV represents ____.

<p>cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hormone epinephrine leads to ____ in cardiac output.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

The hormone thyroxine leads to ____ in CO.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term hemorrhage indicates a ____ in CO.

<p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factors related to blood pressure include ____.

<p>cardiac output, peripheral resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

The event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance is ____.

<p>constriction of arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure during heart contraction is called ____.

<p>systolic BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure during heart relaxation is called ____.

<p>diastolic BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

The central cavity of a blood vessel is called the ____.

<p>lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reduction of the diameter of this cavity is called ____.

<p>vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

Enlargement of the vessel diameter is called ____.

<p>vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood is carried to the heart by ____.

<p>veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood is carried away from the heart by ____.

<p>arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillary beds are supplied by ____.

<p>arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Capillary beds are drained by ____.

<p>venules</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aids venous return?

<p>Skeletal muscles contract and help squeeze blood through the veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

A single thin layer of endothelium is called ____.

<p>tunica intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bulky middle coat, containing smooth muscle and elastin is called ____.

<p>tunica media</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provides a smooth surface to decrease resistance to blood flow is called ____.

<p>tunica intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

The only tunic of capillaries is called ____.

<p>tunica intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

Also called the adventitia is ____.

<p>tunica externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

The only tunic that plays an active role in blood pressure regulation is ____.

<p>tunica media</p> Signup and view all the answers

Supporting, protective coat of a blood vessel is called ____.

<p>tunica externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Expansion and recoil of an artery during heart activity is called ____.

<p>pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls is called ____.

<p>blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

Factors related to blood pressure include ____.

<p>cardiac output, peripheral resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Event primarily responsible for peripheral resistance is ____.

<p>constriction of arterioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure during heart contraction is called ____.

<p>systolic BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Blood pressure during heart relaxation is called ____.

<p>diastolic BP</p> Signup and view all the answers

Site where blood pressure determinations are normally made is ____.

<p>over arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Points at the body surface where the pulse may be felt are called ____.

<p>pressure points</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sounds heard over a blood vessel when the vessel is partially compressed are called ____.

<p>sounds of Korotkoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased diameter of the arterioles leads to ____.

<p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased blood viscosity leads to ____.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased cardiac output leads to ____.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased pulse rate leads to ____.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anxiety and fear can lead to ____.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Increased urine output can lead to ____.

<p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sudden change in position from reclining to standing causes a ____.

<p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Physical exercise causes an ____.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Physical training can lead to ____.

<p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alcohol consumption generally causes a ____.

<p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hemorrhage usually results in a ____.

<p>decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Nicotine usually causes an ____.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arteriosclerosis generally leads to an ____.

<p>increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Anatomy and Function

  • The heart is a cone-shaped muscular organ located in the thorax.
  • Coronary arteries, which nourish the myocardium, arise from the aorta.
  • The coronary sinus drains into the right atrium.
  • Atria serve as receiving chambers of the heart, while ventricles act as discharging chambers.

Heart Layers and Structure

  • The endocardium lines the heart and forms the valve flaps.
  • The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart.
  • The pericardial sac contains fluid that reduces friction during heart activity.
  • Myocardium consists of cardiac muscle tissue specialized for heart contractions.

Blood Flow Pathway

  • Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.
  • Blood moves from the right ventricle through the pulmonary semilunar valve to the pulmonary trunk.
  • The pulmonary trunk divides into right and left pulmonary arteries leading to the lung capillary beds.
  • Oxygen-rich blood returns to the left atrium via the mitral valve into the left ventricle.
  • Blood is pumped from the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve into the aorta for systemic circulation.

Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds

  • Systole refers to the contraction phase of the ventricles, while diastole refers to the relaxation phase.
  • Heart sounds during the cardiac cycle are referred to as "lub-dup".
  • Abnormal heart sounds, known as murmurs, indicate potential valve problems.

Valve Functions

  • Pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves prevent backflow into ventricles during relaxation.
  • Mitral and tricuspid valves prevent backflow into atria when ventricles are contracting.
  • The tricuspid valve has three flaps, while the mitral valve has two.

Cardiac Conduction System

  • The SA node is the heart's pacemaker, regulating heartbeat.
  • The AV node temporarily delays impulses in the conduction system.
  • An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the heart's electrical activity.

Heart Rate Conditions

  • Bradycardia denotes a slow heart rate (under 60 bpm).
  • Fibrillation is an uncoordinated heart rhythm, rendering it ineffective as a pump.
  • Tachycardia indicates a fast heart rate (over 100 bpm).
  • Heart block occurs with AV node damage, disrupting normal impulse control.
  • Angina pectoris refers to chest pain from myocardial ischemia.

Cardiac Output

  • Cardiac output (CO) calculated as CO = Heart Rate (HR) x Stroke Volume (SV).
  • Increased levels of epinephrine and thyroxine result in higher cardiac output.
  • Hemorrhage decreases cardiac output.

Factors Affecting Cardiac Output

  • Fear, exercise, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system raise cardiac output.
  • Vagus nerve activation leads to decreased cardiac output.
  • Blood pressure fluctuations correlate with various physical and emotional states.

Blood Vessel Structure

  • Veins carry blood to the heart, whereas arteries carry blood away from it.
  • Capillary beds are supplied by arterioles and drained by venules.
  • Special tunics include:
    • Tunica intima: a thin endothelial layer providing a smooth surface.
    • Tunica media: a muscular layer involved in blood pressure regulation.
    • Tunica externa: a protective outer layer.

Blood Pressure Measurement

  • Blood pressure varies between systolic (during contraction) and diastolic (during relaxation) phases.
  • The lumen is the central cavity of a blood vessel.
  • Pressure points are locations on the body where the pulse can be felt.

Blood Pressure Influences

  • Increased arteriolar constriction raises peripheral resistance and blood pressure.
  • Factors enhancing blood pressure include increased blood viscosity, cardiac output, and pulse rate.
  • Certain conditions like anxiety, physical exercise, and nicotine use can elevate blood pressure.
  • Alcohol, physical training, and blood loss typically lower blood pressure.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and function of the heart. This quiz covers the structure, layers, and blood flow pathway of the heart, from the atria to the ventricles and beyond. Understand the roles of various heart components and their significance in the circulatory system.

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