Module 1 Questions Part 5

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a primary function of the heart?

Regulating the immune response (correct)
Generating blood pressure
Routing blood between pulmonary and systemic circulation
Regulating blood supply
Ensuring one-way blood flow

What enables the heart to regulate blood supply to match changing metabolic needs?

Activation of atrioventricular nodes
Changes in contraction rate and force (correct)
Increased blood viscosity
Pericardial fluid
Presence of heart valves

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

Acts as a pacemaker for the heart
Transports oxygen to the myocardium
Lubricates the heart during contraction
Prevents overdistention and anchors the heart (correct)
Regulates blood flow through the chambers

What is the role of the pericardial fluid?

Reduces friction during heart contraction (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pericardium covers the heart surface?

Visceral pericardium (epicardium) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the right and left atria?

Interatrial septum (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary veins?

Left atrium (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk?

Right ventricle (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta?

Aortic valve (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

Prevent backflow of blood into the atria (E) Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from stiffening of a heart valve, preventing it from opening properly?

Stenosis (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction?

Myocardium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the muscular ridges found on the inner walls of ventricles called?

Trabeculae carneae (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is a serous membrane?

Epicardium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Where do action potentials in the heart originate?

Sinoatrial (SA) node (A) Signup and view all the answers

What ensures the ventricles contract after the atria?

Delayed conduction at the AV node (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure carries action potentials to the apex of the heart?

AV bundle branches (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Purkinje fibers?

Distribute action potentials to ventricular walls (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the heart to be autorhythmic?

Pacemaker potential of SA node cells (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

QRS complex (B) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by an abnormally high heart rate?

Tachycardia (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ECG represents atrial depolarization?

P wave (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the T wave represent on an ECG?

Ventricular repolarization (A) Signup and view all the answers

What condition results in rapid, irregular contractions of heart muscle fibers?

Fibrillation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the AV node in cardiac conduction?

Slow the conduction of action potentials (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle?

Aortic valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of papillary muscles?

Prevent valve prolapse during contraction (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium?

Tricuspid valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs when valve flaps do not close properly?

Mitral valve prolapse (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer lines the inner surface of the heart chambers?

Endocardium (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intercalated disks in cardiac muscle?

Allow action potentials to spread between cells (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart wall contains cardiac muscle?

Myocardium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the muscular ridges in the atrial wall called?

Pectinate muscles (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?

Left ventricle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle?

Interventricular septum (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs?

Pulmonary trunk (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the heart?

Pulmonary veins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What separates the atria from the ventricles?

Fibrous skeleton of the heart (B) Signup and view all the answers

What phase of the cardiac cycle begins when the ventricles relax?

Ventricular diastole (E) Signup and view all the answers

What ensures unidirectional blood flow in the heart?

Heart valves (E) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by abnormally slow heart rate?

Bradycardia (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is heart block?

Electrical signals from the atria to ventricles are blocked (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may require defibrillation to correct?

Fibrillation (E) Signup and view all the answers

What does mitral valve prolapse affect?

Left atrium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the PR interval represent?

Time between atrial and ventricular depolarization (A) Signup and view all the answers

What part of the ECG corresponds to ventricular contraction?

QRS complex (A) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by a prolonged QT interval?

Risk of arrhythmias (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the PQ interval?

Atria contract and begin to relax (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atria during the P wave of the ECG?

Depolarization (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the conduction system acts as the heart's pacemaker?

SA node (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Heart Function: Primary Function

The heart's primary functions include generating blood pressure, routing blood, and ensuring one-way blood flow.

Heart Function: Blood Supply Regulation

Changes in heart contraction rate and force adjust blood supply to the body's metabolic needs.