Module 1 Questions Part 5

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is not a primary function of the heart?

Regulating the immune response (correct)

Generating blood pressure

Routing blood between pulmonary and systemic circulation

Regulating blood supply

Ensuring one-way blood flow

What enables the heart to regulate blood supply to match changing metabolic needs?

Activation of atrioventricular nodes

Changes in contraction rate and force (correct)

Increased blood viscosity

Pericardial fluid

Presence of heart valves

What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?

Acts as a pacemaker for the heart

Transports oxygen to the myocardium

Lubricates the heart during contraction

Prevents overdistention and anchors the heart (correct)

Regulates blood flow through the chambers

What is the role of the pericardial fluid?

Reduces friction during heart contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the pericardium covers the heart surface?

Visceral pericardium (epicardium) Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the right and left atria?

Interatrial septum Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary veins?

Left atrium Signup and view all the answers

Which ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk?

Right ventricle Signup and view all the answers

Which valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta?

Aortic valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

Prevent backflow of blood into the atria Signup and view all the answers

What condition results from stiffening of a heart valve, preventing it from opening properly?

Stenosis Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction?

Myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What are the muscular ridges found on the inner walls of ventricles called?

Trabeculae carneae Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is a serous membrane?

Epicardium Signup and view all the answers

Where do action potentials in the heart originate?

Sinoatrial (SA) node Signup and view all the answers

What ensures the ventricles contract after the atria?

Delayed conduction at the AV node Signup and view all the answers

Which structure carries action potentials to the apex of the heart?

AV bundle branches Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Purkinje fibers?

Distribute action potentials to ventricular walls Signup and view all the answers

What causes the heart to be autorhythmic?

Pacemaker potential of SA node cells Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?

QRS complex Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by an abnormally high heart rate?

Tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ECG represents atrial depolarization?

P wave Signup and view all the answers

What does the T wave represent on an ECG?

Ventricular repolarization Signup and view all the answers

What condition results in rapid, irregular contractions of heart muscle fibers?

Fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the AV node in cardiac conduction?

Slow the conduction of action potentials Signup and view all the answers

Which valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle?

Aortic valve Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of papillary muscles?

Prevent valve prolapse during contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which structure prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium?

Tricuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

What condition occurs when valve flaps do not close properly?

Mitral valve prolapse Signup and view all the answers

Which layer lines the inner surface of the heart chambers?

Endocardium Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of intercalated disks in cardiac muscle?

Allow action potentials to spread between cells Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart wall contains cardiac muscle?

Myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What are the muscular ridges in the atrial wall called?

Pectinate muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle?

Interventricular septum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs?

Pulmonary trunk Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the heart?

Pulmonary veins Signup and view all the answers

What separates the atria from the ventricles?

Fibrous skeleton of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What phase of the cardiac cycle begins when the ventricles relax?

Ventricular diastole Signup and view all the answers

What ensures unidirectional blood flow in the heart?

Heart valves Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by abnormally slow heart rate?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

What is heart block?

Electrical signals from the atria to ventricles are blocked Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may require defibrillation to correct?

Fibrillation Signup and view all the answers

What does mitral valve prolapse affect?

Left atrium Signup and view all the answers

What does the PR interval represent?

Time between atrial and ventricular depolarization Signup and view all the answers

What part of the ECG corresponds to ventricular contraction?

QRS complex Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by a prolonged QT interval?

Risk of arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the PQ interval?

Atria contract and begin to relax Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atria during the P wave of the ECG?

Depolarization Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the conduction system acts as the heart's pacemaker?

SA node Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Section 1: Functions of the Heart

The heart's primary functions do not include regulating the immune response
The heart regulates blood supply by changing contraction rate and force to match metabolic needs

Section 2: Anatomy of the Heart

The fibrous pericardium prevents overdistention and anchors the heart
Pericardial fluid reduces friction during heart contraction
The visceral pericardium (epicardium) covers the heart's surface

Section 3: Heart Chambers

The interatrial septum separates the right and left atria
The left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary veins
The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk

Section 4: Heart Valves

The aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta
Chordae tendineae prevent backflow of blood into the atria

Section 5: Layers of the Heart Wall

The myocardium is responsible for heart contraction
Trabeculae carneae are muscular ridges in the ventricles
The epicardium is a serous membrane

Section 6: Conducting System of the Heart

Action potentials originate in the sinoatrial (SA) node
The AV bundle branches carry action potentials to the apex of the heart
Purkinje fibers distribute action potentials to ventricular walls

Section 7: Electrical Properties of the Heart

The pacemaker potential of SA node cells causes the heart to be autorhythmic
The QRS complex represents ventricular depolarization

Section 8: Heart Valves and Blood Flow

The aortic valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle
The tricuspid valve prevents backflow into the right atrium
Papillary muscles prevent valve prolapse during contraction

Section 9: Layers of the Heart

The endocardium lines the inner surface of the heart chambers
Intercalated disks allow action potentials to spread between cardiac muscle cells
The myocardium contains cardiac muscle

Section 10: Blood Flow and Heart Function

The left ventricle has the thickest wall
The interventricular septum separates the ventricles
The pulmonary trunk carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs
Pulmonary veins return oxygen-rich blood to the heart

Section 11: Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle begins with ventricular relaxation
The P wave represents atrial depolarization
The QRS complex represents ventricular contraction

Section 12: Disorders of the Heart

Bradycardia is characterized by an abnormally slow heart rate
Heart block involves blocked electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles

Section 13: Electrocardiogram

The PR interval represents the time between atrial and ventricular depolarization
The QRS complex corresponds to ventricular contraction
A prolonged QT interval may be a risk factor for arrhythmias

Section 14: Miscellaneous

The atria contract and begin to relax during the PQ interval
The SA node acts as the heart's pacemaker

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the heart. This quiz covers the various sections including heart chambers, valves, and the layers of the heart wall. Perfect for students studying anatomy or cardiovascular physiology.