Module 1 Questions Part 5 PDF

**Section 1: Functions of the Heart** 1. **Which of the following is not a primary function of the heart?**\ a) Generating blood pressure\ b) Routing blood between pulmonary and systemic circulation\ c) Regulating the immune response\ d) Ensuring one-way blood flow\ e) Regulati...

**Section 1: Functions of the Heart** 1. **Which of the following is not a primary function of the heart?**\ a) Generating blood pressure\ b) Routing blood between pulmonary and systemic circulation\ c) Regulating the immune response\ d) Ensuring one-way blood flow\ e) Regulating blood supply\ **Answer: c) Regulating the immune response** 2. **What enables the heart to regulate blood supply to match changing metabolic needs?**\ a) Presence of heart valves\ b) Changes in contraction rate and force\ c) Pericardial fluid\ d) Increased blood viscosity\ e) Activation of atrioventricular nodes\ **Answer: b) Changes in contraction rate and force** **Section 2: Anatomy of the Heart** 3. **What is the function of the fibrous pericardium?**\ a) Acts as a pacemaker for the heart\ b) Prevents overdistention and anchors the heart\ c) Lubricates the heart during contraction\ d) Transports oxygen to the myocardium\ e) Regulates blood flow through the chambers\ **Answer: b) Prevents overdistention and anchors the heart** 4. **What is the role of the pericardial fluid?**\ a) Prevents blood clotting in the heart\ b) Facilitates electrical conduction\ c) Reduces friction during heart contraction\ d) Acts as an insulator for cardiac muscles\ e) Provides nutrients to heart tissues\ **Answer: c) Reduces friction during heart contraction** 5. **Which layer of the pericardium covers the heart surface?**\ a) Fibrous pericardium\ b) Parietal pericardium\ c) Visceral pericardium (epicardium)\ d) Endocardium\ e) Myocardium\ **Answer: c) Visceral pericardium (epicardium)** **Section 3: Heart Chambers** 6. **What structure separates the right and left atria?**\ a) Interventricular septum\ b) Interatrial septum\ c) Coronary sulcus\ d) Fossa ovalis\ e) Pulmonary trunk\ **Answer: b) Interatrial septum** 7. **Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the pulmonary veins?**\ a) Right atrium\ b) Left atrium\ c) Right ventricle\ d) Left ventricle\ e) Coronary sinus\ **Answer: b) Left atrium** 8. **Which ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary trunk?**\ a) Right ventricle\ b) Left ventricle\ c) Right atrium\ d) Left atrium\ e) Coronary artery\ **Answer: a) Right ventricle** **Section 4: Heart Valves** 9. **Which valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta?**\ a) Tricuspid valve\ b) Pulmonary valve\ c) Aortic valve\ d) Mitral valve\ e) Coronary valve\ **Answer: c) Aortic valve** 10. **What is the function of the chordae tendineae?**\ a) Prevent backflow of blood into the atria\ b) Facilitate electrical conduction in the ventricles\ c) Separate the atria from the ventricles\ d) Regulate the opening of the semilunar valves\ e) Lubricate the heart chambers\ **Answer: a) Prevent backflow of blood into the atria** 11. **What condition results from stiffening of a heart valve, preventing it from opening properly?**\ a) Mitral valve prolapse\ b) Stenosis\ c) Aneurysm\ d) Bradycardia\ e) Tachycardia\ **Answer: b) Stenosis** **Section 5: Layers of the Heart Wall** 12. **Which layer of the heart is responsible for contraction?**\ a) Epicardium\ b) Myocardium\ c) Endocardium\ d) Pericardium\ e) Coronary sulcus\ **Answer: b) Myocardium** 13. **What are the muscular ridges found on the inner walls of ventricles called?**\ a) Trabeculae carneae\ b) Pectinate muscles\ c) Chordae tendineae\ d) Purkinje fibers\ e) Papillary muscles\ **Answer: a) Trabeculae carneae** 14. **Which layer of the heart is a serous membrane?**\ a) Epicardium\ b) Myocardium\ c) Endocardium\ d) Fibrous pericardium\ e) Aortic valve\ **Answer: a) Epicardium** **Section 6: Conducting System of the Heart** 15. **Where do action potentials in the heart originate?**\ a) Atrioventricular (AV) node\ b) Sinoatrial (SA) node\ c) Purkinje fibers\ d) AV bundle\ e) Myocardium\ **Answer: b) Sinoatrial (SA) node** 16. **What ensures the ventricles contract after the atria?**\ a) Delayed conduction at the AV node\ b) Rapid conduction through the Purkinje fibers\ c) Increased blood pressure\ d) Prolonged action potential in the SA node\ e) Stimulation by the vagus nerve\ **Answer: a) Delayed conduction at the AV node** 17. **Which structure carries action potentials to the apex of the heart?**\ a) SA node\ b) Purkinje fibers\ c) AV node\ d) AV bundle branches\ e) Pectinate muscles\ **Answer: d) AV bundle branches** 18. **What is the function of Purkinje fibers?**\ a) Generate action potentials\ b) Distribute action potentials to ventricular walls\ c) Slow action potential conduction\ d) Separate the atria from ventricles\ e) Maintain heart rhythm during rest\ **Answer: b) Distribute action potentials to ventricular walls** **Section 7: Electrical Properties of the Heart** 19. **What causes the heart to be autorhythmic?**\ a) Stable resting membrane potential\ b) Pacemaker potential of SA node cells\ c) High permeability to calcium ions\ d) Electrical insulation of the pericardium\ e) Activity of pectinate muscles\ **Answer: b) Pacemaker potential of SA node cells** 20. **Which phase of the ECG represents ventricular depolarization?**\ a) P wave\ b) T wave\ c) QRS complex\ d) PR interval\ e) QT interval\ **Answer: c) QRS complex** 21. **What condition is characterized by an abnormally high heart rate?**\ a) Bradycardia\ b) Tachycardia\ c) Fibrillation\ d) Heart block\ e) Stenosis\ **Answer: b) Tachycardia** 22. **Which part of the ECG represents atrial depolarization?**\ a) P wave\ b) QRS complex\ c) T wave\ d) PR interval\ e) QT interval\ **Answer: a) P wave** 23. **What does the T wave represent on an ECG?**\ a) Atrial contraction\ b) Ventricular depolarization\ c) Ventricular repolarization\ d) Atrial repolarization\ e) SA node activation\ **Answer: c) Ventricular repolarization** 24. **What condition results in rapid, irregular contractions of heart muscle fibers?**\ a) Bradycardia\ b) Tachycardia\ c) Fibrillation\ d) Heart block\ e) Stenosis\ **Answer: c) Fibrillation** 25. **What is the function of the AV node in cardiac conduction?**\ a) Generate action potentials spontaneously\ b) Act as the main pacemaker\ c) Slow the conduction of action potentials\ d) Distribute action potentials to the ventricles\ e) Prevent backflow of blood\ **Answer: c) Slow the conduction of action potentials** **Section 8: Heart Valves and Blood Flow** 26. **Which valve prevents backflow into the left ventricle?**\ a) Tricuspid valve\ b) Pulmonary valve\ c) Mitral valve\ d) Aortic valve\ e) Coronary valve\ **Answer: d) Aortic valve** 27. **What is the function of papillary muscles?**\ a) Propel blood into the ventricles\ b) Prevent valve prolapse during contraction\ c) Conduct action potentials\ d) Stabilize the heart chambers\ e) Provide electrical insulation\ **Answer: b) Prevent valve prolapse during contraction** 28. **Which structure prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium?**\ a) Pulmonary valve\ b) Mitral valve\ c) Tricuspid valve\ d) Aortic valve\ e) Interatrial septum\ **Answer: c) Tricuspid valve** 29. **What condition occurs when valve flaps do not close properly?**\ a) Stenosis\ b) Fibrillation\ c) Mitral valve prolapse\ d) Tachycardia\ e) Heart block\ **Answer: c) Mitral valve prolapse** **Section 9: Layers of the Heart** 30. **Which layer lines the inner surface of the heart chambers?**\ a) Epicardium\ b) Myocardium\ c) Endocardium\ d) Fibrous pericardium\ e) Serous pericardium\ **Answer: c) Endocardium** 31. **What is the function of intercalated disks in cardiac muscle?**\ a) Provide structural support\ b) Allow action potentials to spread between cells\ c) Maintain a stable membrane potential\ d) Separate the atria from the ventricles\ e) Regulate heart rate\ **Answer: b) Allow action potentials to spread between cells** 32. **Which layer of the heart wall contains cardiac muscle?**\ a) Endocardium\ b) Myocardium\ c) Epicardium\ d) Fibrous pericardium\ e) Pericardial cavity\ **Answer: b) Myocardium** 33. **What are the muscular ridges in the atrial wall called?**\ a) Trabeculae carneae\ b) Pectinate muscles\ c) Chordae tendineae\ d) Papillary muscles\ e) Intercalated disks\ **Answer: b) Pectinate muscles** **Section 10: Blood Flow and Heart Function** 34. **Which chamber of the heart has the thickest wall?**\ a) Right atrium\ b) Left atrium\ c) Right ventricle\ d) Left ventricle\ e) Coronary sinus\ **Answer: d) Left ventricle** 35. **What separates the right ventricle from the left ventricle?**\ a) Interatrial septum\ b) Interventricular septum\ c) Fibrous pericardium\ d) Atrioventricular valves\ e) Purkinje fibers\ **Answer: b) Interventricular septum** 36. **Which structure carries oxygen-poor blood to the lungs?**\ a) Aorta\ b) Pulmonary veins\ c) Pulmonary trunk\ d) Superior vena cava\ e) Coronary arteries\ **Answer: c) Pulmonary trunk** 37. **Which vessels return oxygen-rich blood to the heart?**\ a) Coronary arteries\ b) Pulmonary veins\ c) Pulmonary arteries\ d) Superior vena cava\ e) Inferior vena cava\ **Answer: b) Pulmonary veins** 38. **What separates the atria from the ventricles?**\ a) Fibrous skeleton of the heart\ b) Pericardial cavity\ c) Trabeculae carneae\ d) Interventricular septum\ e) Chordae tendineae\ **Answer: a) Fibrous skeleton of the heart** **Section 11: Cardiac Cycle** 39. **What phase of the cardiac cycle begins when the ventricles relax?**\ a) Ventricular systole\ b) Atrial systole\ c) Ventricular diastole\ d) Isovolumetric contraction\ e) Atrial depolarization\ **Answer: c) Ventricular diastole** 40. **What ensures unidirectional blood flow in the heart?**\ a) Electrical conduction system\ b) Chordae tendineae\ c) Heart valves\ d) Atrial contraction\ e) Trabeculae carneae\ **Answer: c) Heart valves** **Section 12: Disorders of the Heart** 41. **What condition is characterized by abnormally slow heart rate?**\ a) Tachycardia\ b) Bradycardia\ c) Fibrillation\ d) Stenosis\ e) Heart block\ **Answer: b) Bradycardia** 42. **What is heart block?**\ a) A condition where blood flow is obstructed\ b) Electrical signals from the atria to ventricles are blocked\ c) The ventricles contract irregularly\ d) The atria contract too rapidly\ e) There is backflow of blood into the heart\ **Answer: b) Electrical signals from the atria to ventricles are blocked** 43. **Which condition may require defibrillation to correct?**\ a) Tachycardia\ b) Fibrillation\ c) Bradycardia\ d) Heart block\ e) Stenosis\ **Answer: b) Fibrillation** 44. **What does mitral valve prolapse affect?**\ a) Right atrium\ b) Left atrium\ c) Right ventricle\ d) Left ventricle\ e) Coronary artery\ **Answer: b) Left atrium** **Section 13: Electrocardiogram** 45. **What does the PR interval represent?**\ a) Atrial depolarization\ b) Time between atrial and ventricular depolarization\ c) Ventricular depolarization\ d) Ventricular repolarization\ e) Atrial repolarization\ **Answer: b) Time between atrial and ventricular depolarization** 46. **What part of the ECG corresponds to ventricular contraction?**\ a) P wave\ b) QRS complex\ c) T wave\ d) PR interval\ e) QT interval\ **Answer: b) QRS complex** 47. **What condition is indicated by a prolonged QT interval?**\ a) Bradycardia\ b) Tachycardia\ c) Risk of arrhythmias\ d) Heart block\ e) Valve stenosis\ **Answer: c) Risk of arrhythmias** 48. **What occurs during the PQ interval?**\ a) Atria contract and begin to relax\ b) Ventricles contract and relax\ c) Atria depolarize and repolarize\ d) Ventricles depolarize\ e) Blood enters the ventricles\ **Answer: a) Atria contract and begin to relax** **Section 14: Miscellaneous** 49. **What happens to the atria during the P wave of the ECG?**\ a) Relaxation\ b) Depolarization\ c) Repolarization\ d) Contraction of the ventricles\ e) Blood ejection\ **Answer: b) Depolarization** 50. **Which part of the conduction system acts as the heart's pacemaker?**\ a) AV node\ b) SA node\ c) Purkinje fibers\ d) AV bundle\ e) Intercalated disks\ **Answer: b) SA node**