Heart Anatomy and Conditions Quiz

This chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it into the left ventricle.

The left ventricle is responsible for pumping oxygen-rich blood to the aorta and the rest of the body.

These valves prevent blood from flowing backwards from the ventricles to the atria.

This valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, and has three leaflets: anterior, septal, and posterior.

This valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, and has three leaflets: left, right, and posterior.

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle.

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs for oxygenation.

The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, preventing backflow of blood.

The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, preventing backflow of blood.

The superior vena cava (SVC) is one of the two largest veins in the body, carrying deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.

A palpable vibration felt over the heart, usually related to turbulent blood flow.

The apex beat shifts outward to the same intercostal space, but is weaker and feels widespread.

The apex beat shifts outward and downward to the next intercostal space, and feels localized and strong.

An abnormal awareness of your heartbeat, regardless of whether it's regular or irregular.

A type of palpitation caused by an increased force of contraction, often seen in Aortic Regurgitation.

The period when the ventricles are contracting, divided into two phases: (1) pushing the AV valves closed and (2) opening the semilunar valves to eject blood.

The phase where the heart chambers relax and refill with blood. Divided into early and late phases.

Depolarization of the ventricles, represented on an ECG as a wave that has multiple peaks: Q, R, and S.

Represents the depolarization of the atria, visible as a positive wave on an ECG.

The apex is the most visible and palpable point of pulsation on the heart, usually created by the left ventricle. It's located in the 5th intercostal space along the midclavicular line, also known as the "nipple line".

In right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), the apex of the heart shifts outwards and becomes diffuse, indicating a weakening of the left ventricle's pulsation.

In left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the apex of the heart shifts outwards and downwards, feeling localized and more forceful.

In left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the apex is typically felt only in one intercostal space, while in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), it's felt in multiple spaces.

The apex of the heart is normally formed by the left ventricle. However, in certain conditions, other chambers can contribute to its formation.

The first heart sound (S1) is produced by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves, which marks the start of ventricular systole.

The second heart sound (S2) is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves, which marks the end of ventricular systole.

This abnormal heart sound occurs during diastole, after the second heart sound, and is associated with rapid ventricular filling.

This abnormal heart sound occurs just before S1, during atrial contraction, and is associated with stiff ventricle walls.

A palpable murmur, or thrill, is a vibration felt on the chest that indicates a loud murmur.

A type of congenital heart disease where blood flows from the left side of the heart to the right side, causing an overload on the right ventricle.

A common type of left-to-right shunt where there is an abnormal opening between the two lower chambers of the heart.

A condition where the aorta and pulmonary artery are switched, leading to oxygen-poor blood being sent to the body.

A narrowing of the aorta, the main artery carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the body, causing reduced blood flow to parts of the body.

A condition where the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently is impaired, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling.

A narrowing of the pulmonary valve or the outflow tract of the right ventricle, making it difficult for blood to flow from the right ventricle to the lungs.

A hole between the right and left ventricles, allowing blood to flow from the right ventricle to the aorta, bypassing the lungs.

The aorta, the main artery that carries blood from the heart to the body, is positioned above the VSD, receiving blood from both ventricles.

The right ventricle becomes thicker due to the increased pressure needed to pump blood through the narrowed pulmonary valve.

Blue discoloration of the skin, especially around the lips and fingertips, caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood.

This diagnostic imaging technique uses sound waves to create images of the heart, its chambers, and valves, revealing structural abnormalities and blood flow patterns. It is particularly important for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease.

It is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart, showing various waves and intervals. It helps to diagnose abnormalities in the heart's rhythm and electrical conduction.

The system of blood vessels and structures that connects the fetus to the placenta, allowing for oxygen and nutrient exchange.

A hole present in the wall between the two upper chambers (atria) of the fetal heart, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

A blood vessel connecting the pulmonary artery to the aorta in the fetus, allowing blood to bypass the lungs.

Deoxygenated blood from the body flows to the heart, while oxygenated blood from the placenta flows back to the fetus, both through the umbilical cord. The heart then pumps mixed blood to the body.

This condition occurs when the ductus arteriosus, a blood vessel connecting the aorta and pulmonary artery, stays open after birth, leading to a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

These heart defects are characterized by cyanosis (blue skin) due to insufficient oxygenated blood reaching the body. Examples include Tetralogy of Fallot.

These defects do not usually cause cyanosis, as the oxygenated blood flow to the body is generally sufficient. Examples include:

• Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
• Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
• Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

A heart condition where there is a hole between the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart, potentially leading to fatigue, shortness of breath, and heart murmurs.