Heart Anatomy and Conditions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

Left and right atriums (correct)

Superior and inferior chambers

Aortic and pulmonary chambers

Left and right ventricles

Which valve does blood pass through from the right atrium to the right ventricle?

Mitral valve

Tricuspid valve (correct)

Aortic valve

Pulmonary valve

What is the primary function of the right ventricle?

To collect blood from the body's largest veins

To receive oxygenated blood from the lungs

To pump blood to the body

To pump blood to the lungs for oxygenation (correct)

Which heart valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery?

Pulmonary valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which veins bring non-oxygenated blood to the right atrium?

Superior and inferior vena cava (C) Signup and view all the answers

At what anatomical location is the apex of the heart typically found for auscultation in adults?

5th intercostal space in MCL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the apex before the age of 4 years?

4th intercostal space in MCL (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of heart conditions, which shift indicates right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH)?

Outwards and diffuse (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the nature and extent of the apex in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)?

Localized and forcible (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a 'heaving' character in cardiac examination?

Pressure overload conditions such as AS or systemic HTN (C) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to an impalpable apex in a patient?

Pericardial effusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is the apex affected in right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) compared to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)?

RVH is felt in more than one space while LVH is mostly in one (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of right ventricular enlargement?

Apex shifted outward in the same intercostals space (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which palpation finding is characteristic of pulmonary hypertension?

Palpable (S2 or Diastolic Shock) at the 2nd left intercostal space (D) Signup and view all the answers

What defines palpitations in a clinical context?

Abnormal awareness of the heart beats, either regular or irregular (D) Signup and view all the answers

In fetal circulation, where does oxygenated blood originate?

The placenta (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on blood flow?

It causes a mix of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cyanotic congenital heart defect?

Tetralogy of Fallot (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient presents with fatigue, a heart murmur, and increased risk of endocarditis; which defect is most likely?

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?

Clubbing of the fingers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of congenital heart diseases are classified as cyanotic?

20% (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with a left to right shunt?

Atrial septal defect (ASD) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common etiology for congenital heart disease?

Multifactorial or polygenic inheritance (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition might be a result of maternal drug exposure, specifically from warfarin therapy?

Pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which presentation is commonly associated with congenital heart diseases?

Antenatal cardiac Ultrasound diagnosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitral valve?

Prevent backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Left atrium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of valve is the aortic semilunar valve classified as?

Semilunar valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following valves is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve (C) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood is pumped from the left atrium to the left ventricle in late diastole?

30% (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic tool used for investigating congenital heart disease?

Echocardiography with Doppler (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which additional tests should be performed if congenital heart disease is suspected?

Chest X-ray and ECG (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vessel is NOT included in the diagram of fetal circulation?

Coronary artery (A) Signup and view all the answers

What kind of data does the echocardiography procedure provide about the heart?

Structural information about heart chambers (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the diagram of fetal circulation primarily illustrate?

Blood flow in a fetus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the first heart sound (S1)?

Closure of mitral & tricuspid valves (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where is the second heart sound (S2) best heard?

Base of the heart (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which condition would you expect an increase in the first heart sound?

Mitral stenosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What timing characterizes the S4 heart sound?

Before the first heart sound (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a palpable murmur?

Represents a thrill (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during Atrial Systole?

Atria contract and force blood into ventricles. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cardiac cycle follows Ventricular Systole?

Ventricular Diastole (early) (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which wave represents ventricle repolarization in an ECG?

T-Wave (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the first phase of Ventricular Systole?

Ventricles contract and AV valves close. (B) Signup and view all the answers

During which phase are the semilunar valves closed?

Ventricular Diastole (early) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main characteristics of Fallot Tetralogy?

Infundibular pulmonary stenosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What occurs as a result of the large ventricular septal defect in Fallot Tetralogy?

Equalization of ventricle pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cyanosis is associated with severe pulmonary stenosis at birth in Fallot Tetralogy?

Central cyanosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What symptom may indicate 'Pink Fallot' due to mild pulmonary stenosis?

Cyanosis during exercise (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common clinical presentation in Fallot Tetralogy linked to central cyanosis?

Warm blue hands (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Heart Chambers

The heart has four chambers
Two upper chambers called the left atrium and right atrium
Two lower chambers called the left and right ventricles

Heart Valves

The heart also has four valves
Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral, and Aortic valves

Function of the Right Atrium

Receives non-oxygenated blood from the body's largest veins: Superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC)
Pumps it through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle

Function of the Right Ventricle

Pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve to the lungs for oxygenation

Function of the Left Atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
Pumps it through the mitral valve to the left ventricle (in late diastole 30%)

Function of the Left Ventricle

Pumps oxygen-rich blood to the aorta and the rest of the body (Cardiac output)

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the heart and the conditions affecting its function. This quiz covers essential topics like heart chambers, valves, and the implications of various heart conditions. Answer questions related to both normal and pathological states of the heart.