Hearing Disorders: Patient Evaluation Part 2
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Questions and Answers

What condition is characterized by the absence of a cochlea?

  • Eustachian Tubal Dysfunction
  • Mondini Malformation
  • Michelle Aplasia (correct)
  • Cochlear Ossification

Which diagnostic tool is mentioned for identifying inner ear malformations?

  • X-Ray
  • Ultrasound
  • MRI Scan
  • CT Scan (correct)

What is indicated by the terms 'basal turn' and 'apical turn' in relation to the cochlea?

  • Stages of auditory processing
  • Different types of hearing loss
  • Sections of the cochlear structure (correct)
  • Parts of the eustachian tube

In the context provided, what does the abnormal CT scan on the right side depict?

<p>Complete bony obstruction of the cochlea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a characteristic sign of Mondini Malformation?

<p>A blob-like appearance with a compromised partition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of treatment might be recommended for patients with significant hearing loss?

<p>Hearing aids or speech therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sensation of fullness in the ear often reported by patients?

<p>Aural fullness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to know about a patient's past medical history when dealing with hearing loss?

<p>To identify possible underlying causes or contributing factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of tinnitus indicate in a patient?

<p>There might be a problem with the inner ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might low oxygen levels during birth indicate for a newborn regarding hearing?

<p>Risk factor for congenital hearing loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does family history contribute to understanding a patient's hearing loss?

<p>It may reveal patterns of hereditary hearing issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms could indicate an ear infection?

<p>Odorrhoea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of oral logic history in assessing patients' ear complaints?

<p>Checking for pain or discomfort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of a perforated eardrum mentioned in the content?

<p>Q-tip trauma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a mouth and throat exam, what is NOT typically examined by SLPs?

<p>Ear drum condition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the tuning fork exam?

<p>To screen and identify potential issues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tuning fork is most commonly used for Weber and Rinne testing?

<p>512 hertz (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does stroboscopy allow SLPs to assess?

<p>The movement of the larynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a scenario where an endoscopic examination might be necessary?

<p>Evaluating a patient with a cleft palate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about the Weber test is correct?

<p>It involves holding the tuning fork at the base to detect vibrations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be inspected during a mouth and throat exam?

<p>Palate movement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Weber test?

<p>To determine lateralization of sound perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the tuning fork be positioned in the Weber test?

<p>On the vertex of the forehead (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lateralization to one side during the Weber test indicate?

<p>Conductive hearing loss in the lateralized ear or sensory neural hearing loss in the opposite ear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon should be observed when occluding the ear during the Weber test?

<p>Lateralization of sound to the occluded side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a normal hearing result indicate in the Weber test?

<p>Sound is perceived equally in both ears (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of testing is performed after the Weber test for more precise diagnostics?

<p>Formal audiogram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the Rinne test?

<p>A comparison of air conduction versus bone conduction is made (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of a conductive hearing loss during the Weber test?

<p>Sound is louder in the affected ear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct technique for positioning the ear when using an otoscope?

<p>Pull the ear back gently. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the ear canal typically described as?

<p>S-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When using a monocular viewer to inspect the ear, what is the recommended approach?

<p>Close the dominant eye while looking. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if the view of the eardrum is obstructed?

<p>Point up to adjust the angle of view. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the majority area of the eardrum?

<p>Pars tensa (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of pneumatical otoscopy?

<p>To move the eardrum and visualize it better. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a clinical setting, what might provide a better view than a handheld otoscope?

<p>Binocular microscope. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'acromatosis' refer to in an otoscopic examination?

<p>Discoloration in the ear canal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you form with the ear canal when performing pneumatical otoscopy?

<p>A tight seal. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eardrum is located in the postero inferior quadrant?

<p>Perforation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about binocular and monocular vision is true?

<p>Binocular vision offers one image with depth information. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the pars flaccida important during an otoscopic examination?

<p>It can be a site for potential disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structures are typically observed during an otoscopy?

<p>Malleus, incus, and cone of light (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cone of light' indicate during an otoscopic examination?

<p>The eardrum is always normal. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the eardrum is referred to as the attic?

<p>Pars flaccida (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the eardrum should be described during examination?

<p>Its texture and thickness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Tinnitus

Subjective sensation of hearing sound when there is no external sound source.

Aural Fullness

A feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear. It can feel like the ear is plugged or underwater.

Vertigo

A sensation of dizziness or spinning, often accompanied by nausea and imbalance.

Otorrhea

Discharge from the ear, often related to an infection.

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Ototoxicity

A condition where certain medications, like antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs, can damage the inner ear and result in hearing loss.

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Past Medical History

History of past medical conditions, surgeries, medications, and allergies that might affect the patient's hearing or ear health.

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Family History

Information about the patient's family's medical history, especially related to hearing loss, genetic disorders, or syndromes.

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Pregnancy, Labor, and Delivery History

Information about the patient's pregnancy, labor, and delivery, especially relevant for infants with hearing loss.

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Mouth and throat exam

A visual examination of the mouth, throat, and palate.

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Stroboscopy

A visual examination of the larynx using a rigid scope. It helps assess vocal cord movement and function.

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Tuning fork

A tool used to assess hearing by vibrating at a specific frequency.

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Weber test

A tuning fork test that assesses sound conduction through the skull.

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Rinne test

A tuning fork test that compares air conduction and bone conduction of sound.

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Endoscopic examination

A visual examination of the nasal cavity using a camera to assess palate movement.

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Cleft palate

A condition where the palate doesn't close properly, leading to difficulty with speech.

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Pharyngeal insufficiency

A condition where the muscles that control the throat don't function properly, causing difficulty swallowing.

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Pars Tensa

The area of the eardrum closest to the ear canal, where the malleus bone is most visible. It's often divided into quadrants for precise descriptions of ear pathology.

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Pars Flaccida

A less visible, thin area of the eardrum located above the pars tensa. It can be affected by certain diseases.

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Malleus

The bone visible during otoscopy, appearing as a small handle-like structure near the center of the eardrum.

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Cone of Light

A visual marker of the eardrum's integrity. While textbooks often say it indicates a healthy eardrum, it's not always accurate.

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Eardrum's Appearance

Describing the eardrum's appearance, including its color, thickness, transparency, and whether it's even, wrinkled, or distorted.

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Otoscopy

The process of examining the ear canal and eardrum using a specialized instrument called an otoscope.

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Ear Canal Disorders

Any abnormalities or changes in the ear canal, such as inflammation, swelling, or foreign objects.

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Eardrum Quadrants

Dividing the pars tensa into four sections: anterosuperior, posterosuperior, anteroinferior, and posteroinferior. This helps pinpoint the location of ear pathologies precisely.

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Ear Canal Shape

The ear canal has a curved shape that is not straight, it can be angled anterosuperior, posteroinferior, or anteroinferior. This means you may need to adjust the otoscope to locate the eardrum.

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Otoscope View

An otoscope is a tool used to view the ear canal and eardrum. It only provides a monocular view, meaning you see one image at a time, like looking through a single tube.

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Dominant Eye Usage

To use an otoscope, close your non-dominant eye and focus on the viewer with your dominant eye. This ensures optimal visual clarity and avoids double images.

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Ear Pulling Technique

When examining the ear with an otoscope, gently pull the ear back to straighten the ear canal and improve visibility of the eardrum.

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Otoscope Movement

While using an otoscope, it's essential to move it around to get a complete view of the eardrum, as it's not always visible in one position.

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Pneumatical Otoscopy

A pneumatical otoscope uses a bulb to inflate the ear canal with air. This technique can help to assess the mobility of the eardrum.

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Otoscope View Limitations

Otoscopes can provide a limited view of the eardrum. Advanced techniques, like oval microscopy, offer a 3D view with binocular microscopes, providing greater visual clarity.

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Pneumatical Otoscopy Seal

To perform pneumatical otoscopy effectively, a seal must be formed between the otoscope and the ear canal to allow proper air pressure.

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Michel Aplasia

A condition where the cochlea is completely absent, resulting in profound hearing loss.

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Mondini Malformation

A malformation of the inner ear where the cochlea has an abnormal shape, often resembling a single, large chamber.

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Basal Turn of the Cochlea

The outermost portion of the cochlea, responsible for processing high-frequency sounds.

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Apical Turn of the Cochlea

The innermost portion of the cochlea, responsible for processing low-frequency sounds.

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Eustachian Tube Opening

The structure that connects the inner ear with the middle ear, allowing sound to travel to the eardrum.

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Occlusion Effect

The phenomenon where occluding one ear during a Weber test causes the sound to lateralize to the occluded ear due to conductive hearing loss in that ear.

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No Lateralization

The state in which a person doesn't perceive an obvious difference in hearing between the left and right ears during a Weber test.

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Lateralization

When a person reports hearing a sound more strongly in one ear during a Weber test.

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Conductive Hearing Loss

A decrease in sound conduction through the outer ear and middle ear.

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Sensorineural Hearing Loss

A decrease in hearing sensitivity due to damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve.

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Sound Localization

A test to evaluate if patients can correctly identify the direction (left or right) of sounds produced with a tuning fork.

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Study Notes

Hearing Disorders: Part 2

  • Students will evaluate patients, commonly involving a structured approach
  • Initial step is taking a patient history
  • Examples include asking about unintelligible speech in young children (2-3 years old) or about the duration and progression of hearing problems
  • History, including the presenting problem, is the most important part of the patient interaction
  • Next, a physical examination is generally conducted
  • Often includes otoscopy, visually examining the ear canal and eardrum
  • Additional tests may be needed based on history and exam findings, such as Goldman Fristo articulation test or audiograms
  • Treatments or follow-up plans are developed based on the findings
  • Factors like medical history, surgical history, and medication allergies are also important considerations
  • Family history, especially relevant in genetic conditions associated with hearing loss, is valuable information
  • The various tests for examining a patient's ear are presented
  • Including different kinds of otoscopes and how they are used
  • Including the importance of proper technique and adjusting speculum sizes
  • The need to stabilize patients during otoscopy to prevent discomfort
  • The significance of inspection of the ear
  • Additional components of a holistic evaluation, which may include looking at masses, skin changes, and any asymmetry in the ears
  • Considerations on the auditory canal, its complexities, and importance of the necessary procedures in evaluating hearing loss
  • The need for distinguishing between various audiologic disorders

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Lec #1 Hearing Disorders: Part 2 PDF

Description

This quiz covers the evaluation of patients with hearing disorders, focusing on taking patient history and conducting physical examinations. It delves into structured approaches, various tests like the Goldman Fristo articulation test, and considers important factors like medical history and family history. Perfect for students aiming to deepen their understanding of audiology practices.

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