Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the sensation level primarily depend on?
What does the sensation level primarily depend on?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of an audiogram?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of an audiogram?
In pure tone testing, what does air conduction testing assess?
In pure tone testing, what does air conduction testing assess?
What is typically used for air conduction testing in pure tone audiometry?
What is typically used for air conduction testing in pure tone audiometry?
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What do different symbols on an audiogram represent?
What do different symbols on an audiogram represent?
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How are frequencies typically presented in pure tone audiometry?
How are frequencies typically presented in pure tone audiometry?
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What might indicate a discrepancy in audiogram results?
What might indicate a discrepancy in audiogram results?
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What is the purpose of emittance testing in an audiogram?
What is the purpose of emittance testing in an audiogram?
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What is the primary advantage of MRI over CT scans in imaging?
What is the primary advantage of MRI over CT scans in imaging?
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What is MRI particularly best at imaging in relation to the inner ear?
What is MRI particularly best at imaging in relation to the inner ear?
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Which cranial nerve is primarily associated with acoustic neuromas?
Which cranial nerve is primarily associated with acoustic neuromas?
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What type of imaging modality is noted for showing brain lesions such as acoustic neuromas?
What type of imaging modality is noted for showing brain lesions such as acoustic neuromas?
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What type of tumor is described as a benign growth arising from the 8th cranial nerve?
What type of tumor is described as a benign growth arising from the 8th cranial nerve?
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What is the effect of a stroke in the brain stem on hearing?
What is the effect of a stroke in the brain stem on hearing?
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What is a common tool used in hearing assessments?
What is a common tool used in hearing assessments?
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How does an MRI visualize the details of the brain compared to a CT scan?
How does an MRI visualize the details of the brain compared to a CT scan?
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What does a type B tympanogram indicate about the eardrum's movement?
What does a type B tympanogram indicate about the eardrum's movement?
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What is the primary purpose of the acoustic reflex?
What is the primary purpose of the acoustic reflex?
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Which factor could lead to a type C tympanogram as mentioned in the context?
Which factor could lead to a type C tympanogram as mentioned in the context?
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What does the x-axis represent in terms of eardrum movement measurements?
What does the x-axis represent in terms of eardrum movement measurements?
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What happens to the ossicles when the stapedius muscle contracts?
What happens to the ossicles when the stapedius muscle contracts?
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What could be a result if the eardrum experiences energy but does not move?
What could be a result if the eardrum experiences energy but does not move?
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How does the stapedius muscle respond to loud sounds?
How does the stapedius muscle respond to loud sounds?
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In what condition would you likely observe eardrum movement but find it under negative pressure?
In what condition would you likely observe eardrum movement but find it under negative pressure?
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What does decibel measure in relation to sound?
What does decibel measure in relation to sound?
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How is the decibel scale characterized?
How is the decibel scale characterized?
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What does a 0 decibel hearing level signify?
What does a 0 decibel hearing level signify?
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What does the decibel hearing level (DVHL) provide?
What does the decibel hearing level (DVHL) provide?
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Why is it important to understand the logarithmic nature of the decibel scale?
Why is it important to understand the logarithmic nature of the decibel scale?
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What does the sensation level refer to?
What does the sensation level refer to?
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When experiencing a few decibel worsening in hearing loss, what might be misleading?
When experiencing a few decibel worsening in hearing loss, what might be misleading?
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What is the relationship between decibel levels and the perception of sound?
What is the relationship between decibel levels and the perception of sound?
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What does the presence of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) indicate about the cochlea?
What does the presence of otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) indicate about the cochlea?
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What is primarily measured during an auditory brainstem response (ABR) test?
What is primarily measured during an auditory brainstem response (ABR) test?
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Which statement is true regarding the process of OAE testing?
Which statement is true regarding the process of OAE testing?
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Which of the following techniques requires electrodes to be placed on the patient?
Which of the following techniques requires electrodes to be placed on the patient?
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What does the acronym 'e coli' help to remember in auditory testing?
What does the acronym 'e coli' help to remember in auditory testing?
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How is otoacoustic emission testing beneficial during newborn hearing screenings?
How is otoacoustic emission testing beneficial during newborn hearing screenings?
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Which type of auditory measurement is considered complex and time-consuming?
Which type of auditory measurement is considered complex and time-consuming?
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What can a clinician infer if OAEs are not present during testing?
What can a clinician infer if OAEs are not present during testing?
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What does a 'cookie bite' audiogram configuration indicate?
What does a 'cookie bite' audiogram configuration indicate?
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In a pure tone audiogram, which axis represents the frequencies?
In a pure tone audiogram, which axis represents the frequencies?
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Which of the following represents the worst category of hearing loss?
Which of the following represents the worst category of hearing loss?
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What is the purpose of masking in hearing tests?
What is the purpose of masking in hearing tests?
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How is the severity of hearing loss categorized in an audiogram?
How is the severity of hearing loss categorized in an audiogram?
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Which statement is true regarding pediatric and adult hearing loss cutoffs?
Which statement is true regarding pediatric and adult hearing loss cutoffs?
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What does a flat audiogram shape typically represent?
What does a flat audiogram shape typically represent?
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At what point is cochlear implantation usually considered?
At what point is cochlear implantation usually considered?
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Study Notes
Hearing Disorders: Part 3
- MRI scans are complementary to CT scans, good for soft tissue anatomy, and involve no radiation
- CT scanners have minimal radiation
- MRI is safer than CT for looking at the brain, brain stem, and cranial nerves
- CT scans of the brain are gray
- MRI scans show gyri, white matter, and the inner details of the ear
- MRI scans show the semicircular canals, the inside of the membranous part, and different perspectives of the same anatomy
- MRI can show the cochlea and nerves (7 and 8)
- MRI scans can reveal small brainstem lesions, acoustic pneumomas or vestibular schwannomas, which are benign tumors on the 8th cranial nerve
- Diagnosis requires confirmation through MRI
Decibel Hearing Levels
- Decibel hearing level (dBHL) is a logarithmic scale, not linear
- Doubling the dBHL doesn't double the sound level
- 0 dBHL does not mean no sound; it is a relative measure, based on data from normal hearing individuals
- Sensation level describes a sound in relation to an individual's hearing threshold.
Audiograms
- Audiograms have 3 parts: pure tone testing, speech testing, and emittance testing
- Pure tone testing uses a headphone or earphones, measuring intensities
- Bone conduction testing uses a bone oscillator on the mastoid bone
- The pure tone average (PTA) is calculated by averaging the decibel hearing levels at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz
- Speech reception threshold (SRT) is the lowest hearing level at which a person can repeat a spondee (two-syllable word) 50% of the time
- Audiograms can show different shapes
- Cookie-bite audiogram indicates a hereditary or familial hearing loss
- Hearing levels on an audiogram worsen as the numbers get lower
- Different cutoffs and ranges for different age demographics, like children versus adults
Masking and Audiometry
- Masking is the introduction of noise to prevent sound crossover
- Air conduction crossover occurs when hearing levels differ by at least 40 dB
- Bone conduction is vibratory energy, transmitted through the skull, and does not rely on the outer ear
- Masking dilemma happens with significant conductive hearing loss, requiring louder stimulus levels
- Tympanometry uses a probe to measure eardrum movement, and there are normal (type A), abnormal (type B), and reduced compliance (type C) responses
Acoustic Reflex Testing
- The stapedius muscle, connected to the stapes bone, dampens sound
- Acoustic reflexes are bilateral and protect the ear from excessively loud noises
- Absence of acoustic reflexes can indicate problems anywhere along the auditory pathway
Other Important Concepts
- Recruitment happens when increasing sound intensity leads to a disproportionately large increase in perceived loudness
- Paradoxical decrease in discrimination ability with increasing stimulus may indicate neurological problems
- Different types of audiograms and testing methods show different things and have multiple uses
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Description
Explore the nuances of hearing disorders, focusing on the role of MRI and CT scans in diagnosis. Learn about the decibel hearing levels and their logarithmic nature, along with critical insights into structures such as the cochlea and brainstem. This quiz is perfect for anyone wanting to deepen their understanding of audiology and imaging techniques.
