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L11 (T1): Imaging
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L11 (T1): Imaging

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Questions and Answers

Which imaging modality has great spatial resolution, especially for bone?

  • MRI
  • CT
  • X-Ray (correct)
  • Ultrasound

    • Which imaging modality uses x-ray beam rotating around the patient?

  • MRI
  • X-Ray
  • CT (correct)
  • Ultrasound

    • Which imaging modality is non-ionizing and operator-dependent?

  • MRI (correct)
  • CT
  • Ultrasound
  • X-Ray

    • Which imaging modality has the weakness of very limited soft tissue visualisation?

    <p>X-Ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality has the strength of multiplanar and dynamic Doppler capabilities?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality uses magnetic field strength as a defining feature?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality has the weakness of being unable to see through bone or gas?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality has the strength of widely available cross-sectional spatial resolution?

    <p>CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength of Earth's magnetic field?

    <p>5x10^-5 T</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the superconductor used in the MRI magnet?

    <p>Niobium-Titanium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature is the liquid helium used in the MRI magnet?

    <p>-269 ºC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RF pulse is fired into the patient during MRI?

    <p>Short wave</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality provides exquisite soft tissue contrast?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weakness related to limited availability in MRI?

    <p>Magnetic field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In MRI, how does bone appear on imaging?

    <p>Black (but bone marrow = fat)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall task after the session about imaging modalities?

    <p>Identify common imaging modalities from patient studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for introducing the new session?

    <p>To address difficulty in interpreting different scans and understanding the type of scan being viewed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the new session in relation to imaging modalities?

    <p>Understanding the appropriateness of different imaging modalities for various clinical scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the upcoming pelvic anatomy imaging lecture NOT a part of?

    <p>The new session being introduced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the sessions in 302 cover?

    <p>Clinical radiology and the scientific basis in medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of the new session in relation to imaging modalities?

    <p>To bridge the gap between basic imaging of anatomy and clinical radiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feedback from students that prompted the introduction of the new session?

    <p>Difficulty interpreting different scans and understanding the type of scan being viewed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary limitations of plain X-rays (radiography)?

    <p>Limited soft tissue contrast and lack of cross-sectional imaging ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do musculoskeletal X-rays differ from other X-rays?

    <p>They require two views taken from 90 degrees apart for comprehensive coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the variations in the appearance of X-ray images?

    <p>The density of different body structures affecting X-ray absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the speaker's comparison of different imaging modalities using a pelvic example?

    <p>Highlighting specific features visible in the abdominal X-ray</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of choosing the right imaging modality based on a patient's symptoms?

    <p>To determine the underlying cause of the symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of plain X-rays (radiography) over other imaging modalities?

    <p>Good spatial resolution and relatively low cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears bright on MRI scans and dark grey on CT scans?

    <p>Fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality provides clearer differentiation between grey and white matter in the brain?

    <p>MRI scans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CT scans show as bright white and completely black on MRI scans?

    <p>Bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of images does CT scans provide of the brain compared to MRI scans?

    <p>Hazy images</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What appears white on MRI scans and is difficult to distinguish on CT scans?

    <p>Fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality offers better visualization of subcutaneous fat, bone, and soft tissue through the pelvis?

    <p>MRI scans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality is not useful for imaging lungs due to the presence of air, except in cases of pleural effusion?

    <p>Ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general scan time for an MRI scan?

    <p>45 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important contraindication for patients undergoing MRI scans?

    <p>Pacemakers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging modality excels in distinguishing soft tissues with similar densities, making it valuable for cancer staging?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a risk in MRI due to the heating effect of metal in a strong magnetic field?

    <p>Aneurysm clips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What limits visualization of structures behind it during ultrasound?

    <p>Gas-filled bowel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength of CT imaging modality in terms of spatial resolution?

    <p>It can take scans right down to about 0.5 millimetre slice and reconstruct them in any 3-D orientation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weakness of CT imaging modality in terms of ionising radiation?

    <p>It has very high dose of ionising radiation, leading to debates about its safety for use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength of ultrasound imaging modality in terms of real-time imaging?

    <p>It allows dynamic real-time imaging, unlike CT and MRI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weakness of ultrasound imaging modality in terms of tissue visualization?

    <p>It has limited ability to visualize soft tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strength of Doppler imaging modality in terms of blood flow?

    <p>It is operator-dependent for accurate blood flow visualization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weakness of Doppler imaging modality in terms of visualizing through bone and gas?

    <p>It has limited ability to visualize through bone and gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of Doppler ultrasound mentioned in the text?

    <p>Inability to visualize through bone or gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for avoiding CT scans in children, as emphasized in the text?

    <p>Increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the challenge mentioned in the text regarding differentiating soft tissues in CT scans?

    <p>Despite the use of intravenous contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of CT scans over plain X-rays (radiography), as per the text?

    <p>Improved spatial resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the discussion regarding the femoral line visible in the X-ray, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Explanation of its appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between calcification and bone, as clarified in the text?

    <p>Density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Imaging Modalities Overview

    • Pelvic structures can be difficult to visualize with ultrasound due to the surrounding pelvic girdle of bone.
    • Ultrasound is not useful for imaging lungs due to the presence of air, except in cases of pleural effusion.
    • Gas-filled bowel in the abdomen can limit visualization of structures behind it during ultrasound.
    • Ultrasonic imaging of calcifications can vary in appearance, with dense calcifications reflecting all ultrasound and casting a shadow.
    • MRI scans use the density of protons in water to create images and have contraindications for patients with certain implants, such as pacemakers and aneurysm clips.
    • A book is published annually listing medical devices that are MRI-compatible, and pacemakers generally make patients ineligible for MRI scans.
    • Aneurysm clips pose a risk in MRI due to the heating effect of metal in a strong magnetic field.
    • Joint replacements are generally safe for MRI, but cause significant artifact in the surrounding area.
    • MRI is non-ionizing and excels in distinguishing soft tissues with similar densities, making it valuable for cancer staging.
    • MRI scanners are expensive to install and operate, with longer scan times and fewer patients seen per day compared to CT scans.
    • MRI scans take about 45 minutes on average, limiting the number of patients that can be seen in a day compared to CT scans which take about 5 minutes each.
    • The cost of MRI scans is higher due to the longer scan times and fewer patients seen per day compared to CT scans.

    Medical Imaging Modalities Overview

    • Discussion of the interactive nature of the session and focus on interactive participation in analyzing medical cases
    • Mention of the density of a specific area and inquiry about its density
    • Identification of calcification in an X-ray and clarification that it is not bone, but has a similar density
    • Explanation of the femoral line visible in the X-ray and its appearance
    • Description of the process of CT scans, including rotation of X-rays and reconstruction into 3D images
    • Noting the improved spatial resolution and increased ionizing radiation dose in CT scans
    • Emphasis on the heightened sensitivity of children to radiation, leading to avoidance of CT scans in children
    • Challenges in differentiating soft tissues of similar density in CT scans, despite the use of intravenous contrast
    • Analysis of a CT scan showing areas of calcification, fluid, and fat density within a pelvic mass
    • Discussion of a potential diagnosis of a dermoid tumor based on the CT scan findings
    • Overview of ultrasound as a modality using high-frequency sound waves, real-time imaging, and operator dependency
    • Brief mention of Doppler ultrasound for blood flow assessment and its limitations in visualizing through bone or gas

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