Healthy People 2030 and Definition of Health

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of internal variables that influence an individual's health?

Family role and practices (correct)

Developmental stage

Intellectual background

Spiritual factors

What is the primary focus of secondary prevention?

Preventing the spread of disease once it occurs (correct)

Reducing the incidence of disease

Rehabilitating individuals with a defect or disability

Promoting healthy behaviors

What type of risk factor cannot be changed?

Modifiable risk factor

Health behavior risk factor

Environmental risk factor

Nonmodifiable risk factor (correct)

What is the goal of tertiary prevention?

Rehabilitating individuals with a defect or disability (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a health risk appraisal form?

To identify risk factors for disease (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the Transtheoretical Model of Change used for?

Understanding the stages of change in individuals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Healthy People 2030?

To promote a society in which all people live long, healthy lives (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is the definition of health?

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of models of health and illness?

To explain complex concepts or ideas, such as health and illness (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which model considers emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of wellness?

Holistic Health Model (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can influence health positively or negatively?

Health beliefs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is used to understand the interrelationships of human needs?

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of illness is characterized by a short duration and severe symptoms?

Acute illness (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is impacted by illness, according to the content?

Physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is involved in illness behavior, according to the content?

How people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an external variable influencing illness and illness behavior?

Environmental factors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is impacted by illness on the family, according to the content?

Behavioral and emotional changes, impact on body image, impact on self-concept, impact on family roles, and impact on family dynamics (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a way to care for oneself, according to the content?

Work excessive hours (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of illness lasts longer than 6 months and affects functioning, according to the content?

Chronic illness (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an internal variable influencing illness and illness behavior, according to the content?

Genetic predisposition (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Healthy People

Provides evidence-based, 10-year national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease
Healthy People 2030 aims to promote a society in which all people live long, healthy lives
Identifies leading health indicators, which are high-priority health issues in the United States

Definition of Health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1947, 2018)
A state of being that people define in relation to their own values, personality, and lifestyle

Models of Health and Illness

Models help explain complex concepts or ideas, such as health and illness
Health beliefs are a person's ideas, convictions, and attitudes about health and illness
Health beliefs can influence health positively or negatively
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is used to understand the interrelationships of human needs
Holistic Health Model considers emotional, spiritual, social, cultural, and physical aspects of wellness

Variables Influencing Health

Internal variables: developmental stage, intellectual background, perception of functioning, emotional factors, spiritual factors
External variables: family role and practices, social determinants of health, culture

Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

Health promotion helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health
Health education helps people develop a greater understanding of their health and how to better manage their health risks
Illness prevention protects people from actual or potential threats to health

Levels of Prevention

Primary prevention reduces the incidence of disease
Secondary prevention focuses on preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs
Tertiary prevention occurs when a defect or disability is permanent or irreversible

Risk Factors

Any attribute, quality, environmental situation, or trait that increases the vulnerability of an individual or group to an illness or accident
Risk factors include nonmodifiable risk factors, modifiable risk factors, and environment

Risk Factor Identification and Changing Health Behaviors

Identify risk factors through assessment and health risk appraisal forms
Implement education and counseling, wellness strategies, and understand the stages of change using the Transtheoretical Model of Change

Illness

A state in which a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social, developmental, or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired
Acute illness has a short duration and is severe
Chronic illness lasts longer than 6 months and affects functioning
Illness behavior involves how people monitor their bodies and define and interpret their symptoms
Variables influencing illness and illness behavior include internal variables and external variables
Impact of illness on the patient and family includes behavioral and emotional changes, impact on body image, self-concept, family roles, and family dynamics

Caring for Yourself

Eat a nutritious diet
Get adequate sleep
Engage in exercise and relaxation activities
Establish a good work-family balance
Engage in regular nonwork activities

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Description

Learn about Healthy People 2030, a 10-year national objective for promoting health and preventing disease, and the World Health Organization's definition of health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.