Healthcare Terminology and Infection Control

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the parietal lobe?

Processing visual information

Controlling motor movements

Processing auditory information

Processing sensory information such as touch, pressure, and pain (correct)

A patient is using crutches after a leg injury. Which instruction should the healthcare provider emphasize regarding weight distribution?

Distribute weight primarily under the underarms for stability.

Distribute weight primarily on the unaffected leg.

Distribute weight primarily on the hands and wrists. (correct)

Distribute weight evenly between both legs and the crutches.

What physiological parameter falls outside of the understood normal ranges?

Respirations: 16 breaths per minute

Blood pressure: 130/90 mmHg (correct)

Heart rate: 75 beats per minute

Blood pressure: 110/70 mmHg

What is supination?

Rotating the forearm or foot upward (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common cause of hemorrhagic strokes?

High blood pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'circum-' indicate in medical terminology?

Around or about (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vital sign readings would be classified as bradycardia?

Heart rate of 58 beats per minute (B) Signup and view all the answers

Converting 4:00 PM to military time results in which of the following?

1600 (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the chain of infection, what role does a contaminated surface serve?

Reservoir (A) Signup and view all the answers

A healthcare worker touches an infected wound without gloves and then touches a clean surface. Which mode of transmission is exemplified?

Indirect contact (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum recommended time for effective handwashing to prevent the spread of infection?

20 seconds (D) Signup and view all the answers

When donning PPE (personal protective equipment), which of the following is the first step?

Performing hand hygiene (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is unique to third-degree burns compared to first and second-degree burns?

Nerve damage resulting in lack of pain (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST accurate description of exudate?

Fluid or drainage emanating from a wound; it may be serous, purulent, or sanguineous. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with hypertension. Based on the provided information, which of the following blood pressure readings would confirm this diagnosis?

140/90 mmHg (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to be effective in reducing the risk of pressure ulcers?

Applying ice packs to bony prominences (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the levels of organization of the body, which level directly precedes the 'Organ' level?

Tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of insulin in blood glucose regulation?

To lower blood glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign or symptom associated with impetigo?

Deep, penetrating ulcers (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes 'polyphagia'?

Excessive hunger (A) Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, which of the following positions is described as 'closer to the point of attachment'?

Proximal (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unit 1: Prefixes, Terminology, and Basics

Prefixes describe movement or location (e.g., ab-, ad-, circum-, peri-).
Prefixes describe position (e.g., sub-, supra-, inter-, intra-).
Bradycardia: Slow heart rate (below 60 beats per minute).
Tachypnea: Abnormally fast breathing rate (more than 20 breaths per minute).
Military Time: 24-hour clock format (e.g., 2:00 PM is 1400).
Febrile: Having a fever (usually above 38°C).
Minister of Long-Term Care of Ontario: Natalia Kusendova-Bashta

Unit 2: Infection Control

Chain of Infection (Six Steps)

Infectious Agent: Microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites). Example: Influenza virus causing the flu.
Reservoir: Where the agent lives and multiplies. Example: Person with strep throat, contaminated surface, or standing water for mosquitoes.
Portal of Exit: How the agent leaves the reservoir. Example: Sneezing, coughing, blood, feces, or wound drainage.
Mode of Transmission: How the agent spreads. Examples: Direct contact (touching an infected wound), indirect contact (touching a contaminated surface), droplet transmission (cough/sneeze), airborne transmission (TB bacteria).
Portal of Entry: How the agent enters a new host. Examples: Inhalation, ingestion, open cut.
Susceptible Host: Person at risk due to weakened immune system, age, or pre-existing conditions. Example: Newborn baby, elderly person, or someone undergoing chemotherapy.

Unit 3: Wound Care and Skin Conditions

Types of Burns:
- First-degree: Red, non-blistered skin.
- Second-degree: Blisters, swelling, severe pain.
- Third-degree: White, charred, leathery appearance; no pain due to nerve damage.
Purulent: Pus-filled drainage, indicating infection.
Exudate: Fluid or drainage from a wound.
Positions for Repositioning: Supine, prone, Fowler's, lateral, Sims'.
Strategies to Reduce Pressure Ulcers: Regular repositioning, use pressure-relieving devices (cushions, mattresses), keep skin clean and dry.
Signs and Symptoms of Infection/Impetigo: Redness, swelling, warmth, pain, pus (infection); blisters, crusty sores (impetigo).
Contusion: Bruise caused by trauma.
Erythema: Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow.

Unit 4: Body Systems and Endocrine Functions

Levels of Organization: Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → System → Organism.
Receptor: Sensor detecting changes (e.g., temperature receptors).
Positive Feedback: Process amplifying changes (e.g., blood clotting, childbirth).
Types of Diabetes: Type 1 (autoimmune, no insulin production), Type 2 (insulin resistance), Gestational (during pregnancy).
Key Terms: Polyuria (excessive urination), Polydipsia (excessive thirst), Polyphagia (excessive hunger), Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).
Glucose: Body's primary energy source.
Insulin: Hormone lowering blood glucose.
Role of Liver and Pancreas: Liver stores glucose as glycogen; pancreas releases insulin and glucagon.

Unit 5: Cancer and Medical Breakthroughs

TNM: Tumor (size), Node (lymph involvement), Metastasis (spread).
Cancer Treatments: Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy.
Breast Cancer Risks: Family history, age, hormonal factors, lifestyle choices.
Osteosarcoma Metastasis: Commonly spreads to the lungs.
Henrietta Lacks & HeLa Cells: Cervical cancer; contributed to polio vaccines, cancer research, and gene mapping.

Unit 6: Musculoskeletal System and Mobility

ROM (Range of Motion): Exercises to maintain joint mobility.
Anatomical Terms of Direction: Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal.
Bone Anatomy: Diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends), periosteum (outer layer), marrow (inner cavity).
Assistive Devices: Cane, walker, crutches, their uses for proper weight support, stance. Types of assistive devices.
Contracture: Permanent shortening of a muscle or joint.
Supination: Rotating forearm or foot upward.

Unit 7: Nervous and Cardiovascular Systems

Parietal Lobe: Processes sensory information (touch, pressure, pain).
Leading Causes of Concussions: Falls, sports injuries, motor vehicle accidents.
Aorta: Largest artery, carrying oxygenated blood.
Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva (pink eye).
Reflexes: Automatic responses to stimuli (e.g., knee-jerk reflex).
Major Cause of Hemorrhagic Strokes: High blood pressure leading to ruptured blood vessels.
Normal Ranges: Respiratory rate (12-20 breaths/minute), Blood pressure (120/80 mmHg), Heart rate (60-100 beats/minute), Body temperature (36.1°C-37.2°C), Blood glucose (4.0-7.0 mmol/L fasting).
Risk Factors for Hypertension (HTN): Obesity, smoking, stress, high salt intake, genetics.

Application Questions

Review previous application-based questions, focusing on scenarios related to Identifying symptoms, Choosing appropriate treatments, Applying infection control procedures, Using medical terminology accurately, and solving case studies related to burns, diabetes, cancer, and mobility.

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Description

This quiz covers essential healthcare terminology including prefixes related to movement and position, as well as fundamental concepts of infection control. Understand terms like bradycardia, tachypnea, and the chain of infection. Ideal for students in medical or health science programs.