Healthcare Professions in Radiology

Healthcare Professions

• Radiologic Technologist (R.T.): Performs imaging procedures like radiography, radiation therapy, or nuclear medicine technology. Example: X-ray.
• Radiologist: Physician specializing in X-rays and other ionizing radiation. Example: Interpreting X-rays.
• Cardiac Interventional Radiographer: Performs procedures for diagnosing and treating cardiovascular diseases. Example: Cardiac catheterization.
• Vascular Interventional Radiographer: Diagnoses and treats diseases of the vascular system. Example: Angioplasty.
• Mammographer: Performs X-ray imaging of the breast. Example: Mammogram.
• Radiologist Assistant: Advanced-level radiographer who aids radiologists.
• Nuclear Medicine Technologist: Introduces radioactive substances into the body. Example: Bone scan.
• Radiation Therapist: Treats diseases using X-rays or radioactive substances. Example: Radiation therapy treatment planning.
• Bone Densitometrist: Measures bone density to detect osteoporosis. Example: DEXA scan.
• Computed Tomography (CT) Technologist: Creates images of a predetermined plane using X-rays. Example: CT scan.
• Diagnostic Medical Sonographer: Visualizes body structures using ultrasound. Example: Ultrasound scan.
• MRI Technologist: Uses magnetic fields and radiofrequencies to create images. Example: MRI scan.

Branches of Medicine

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Professional Organizations and Regulations

• Accreditation: Voluntary peer review process for institutions.
• Certification: Recognition of individual competency demonstrated through exams.
• Licensure: Governmental permission to practice a profession.
• American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT): Certifies and registers radiologic technologists.
• American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT): Professional society for radiologic technologists advancing the professions and quality of patient care.
• Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT): Accrediting body for educational programs in radiologic technology. It ensures programs meet standards.

Professional Societies

• ASRT: Advocates for the profession, provides resources, and establishes standards of practice.
• ISRRT: Promotes global standards, supports radiographers/technologists worldwide.
• MSRT: State-level society for radiologic technologists in Michigan.

Medical Organizations

• American Medical Association (AMA): Represents physicians.
• Radiological Society of North America (RSNA): Professional society for radiologists; conducts research, holds conferences.

Clinical Education

• Direct Supervision: Qualified practitioner physically present.
• Indirect Supervision: Qualified practitioner nearby, ready to assist.
• Domains of Learning:
  • Cognitive: Mental skills and knowledge acquisition.
  • Affective: Attitudes, emotions, and values.
  • Psychomotor: Physical skills and actions.
• Competency: Ability to perform a skill or demonstrate knowledge to a standard.
• Learning Outcomes: What a student should know or do after a course.
• Objectives: Specific, measurable steps to achieve learning outcomes.
• SBAR: Standardized communication tool (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation).
• IPE: Interprofessional education.

Patient Interactions

• Emotional Intelligence (EI): Controlling one's emotions and understanding others.
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: Basic needs, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.
• Verbal Communication: Vocal communication.
• Nonverbal Communication: Body language.
• HIPAA: Patient information protection law.
• Touch Types: Palpation, emotional, emphasis.
• Patient Awareness Levels (Terminally Ill): Closed awareness, suspicious awareness, mutual pretense, open awareness.
• Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross): Denial, anger, bargaining, preparatory depression, acceptance.

History Taking

• Objective Data: Measurable, observable information from a healthcare provider.
• Subjective Data: Patient's personal experiences.
• Questioning Techniques:
  • Open-ended Questions: Encourage detailed responses.
  • Facilitation: Guide further explanation.
  • Silence: Allow patients to reflect.
  • Probing Questions: Dig deeper to understand better.
  • Repetition: Confirm understanding.
  • Summarization: Verify accuracy.
• Sacred Seven: Localization, chronology, quality, severity, onset, aggravating/alleviating factors, associated manifestations.

Biomechanics and Ergonomics

• Base of Support: Area beneath a person providing support.
• Center of Gravity: Point where most of an object's mass is concentrated.
• Biomechanics: Study of mechanical principles applied to the human body.
• Standby Assist Transfer Commands: Sit on the edge of the wheelchair.
• Orthostatic Hypotension: Sudden drop in blood pressure from standing quickly.
• WMSDs: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Immobilization

• Simple Immobilization: Examples include sponges, sandbags.
• Involved Immobilization: Examples include boards.
• Commercial Restraints: Examples include pigg-o-stat.
• Sheet Restraints: Used for pediatrics under 2.

Infection Control

• Chain of Infection: Human, infectious microorganism, mode of transfer, reservoir
• Fomites: Inanimate objects that spread disease.
• Vectors: Living organisms that spread disease.
• HAI: Hospital-associated infections.
• Nosocomial Infection: Hospital-acquired.
• Iatrogenic Infection: Condition after a procedure.
• **Handwashing, Standard Precautions, PPE:**Prevent infection spread.
• Airborne Precautions, Contact Precautions, Droplet Precautions: Specific precautions for different pathogens.

Aseptic Techniques

• Surgical Asepsis: Protection against infection.
• Medical Asepsis: Kills/terminates infection.
• Sterile Package Opening: Steps for safely opening a sterile package.
• Sterile Solution Pouring: Steps for pouring a sterile solution.
• Surgical Hand Scrub: Reduce microorganism count on hands.
• Surgical Hand Scrub Methods: Numbered stroke, timed scrub.
• Sterile Techniques for Tubes and Lines: Myelogram, VCUG, tracheostomy, chest tube, urinary catheter, Swan-Ganz catheter, intracath, Hickman, Broviac, Arrow-Howes, radial/femoral arterial lines, pacemakers
• Lead Shielding and Cross-Infection: This section needs more information.

Test your knowledge about various healthcare professions specializing in radiology and imaging technologies. This quiz covers roles such as Radiologic Technologist, Radiologist, and Nuclear Medicine Technologist, among others. Discover the responsibilities and examples related to each profession.