Health Science Quiz on Osteoporosis and Arthritis

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors is not recognized as a cause of osteoporosis?

Genetics

Calcium intake

Chronic inflammation (correct)

Lack of hormones

Which symptom is least likely to be associated with arthritis?

Swelling

Joint stiffness

Back pain (correct)

Tenderness in the joints

What is a common treatment option for scoliosis that is used based on the severity of the condition?

Weight reduction

Joint injection

Bracing (correct)

Home remedies

Which statement about the causes of arthritis is correct?

Injury to the joints is a potential cause of arthritis. Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with severe scoliosis specifically?

Abnormal curve in the spine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the role of tendons in the skeletal system?

Tendons connect muscles to bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of spongy bone in the skeletal system?

To reduce the weight of bones while providing structural support. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the axial skeleton is correct?

It encompasses the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the rib cage play in the skeletal system?

It protects the heart and lungs. Signup and view all the answers

How does the skeletal system assist in the movement of the body?

Through the interaction of muscles and bones. Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral is predominantly stored in bones?

Calcium Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes compact bone from spongy bone?

Compact bone is denser and forms the outer layer of all bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary roles of the bone marrow within the skeletal system?

It produces blood cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

Support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the skull is true?

The skull supports the structures of the face Signup and view all the answers

How many cervical vertebrae are present in the human vertebral column?

7 Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes true ribs from other types of ribs?

True ribs connect directly to the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the axial skeleton?

The femur Signup and view all the answers

Which of these groups of vertebrae is correctly matched with its number?

Cervical vertebrae: 7 Signup and view all the answers

Which component forms the protective cage around the upper body's organs?

The ribs Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue is compact bone classified as?

Bone connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of vertebrae in the spine?

Support the body's weight Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is formed primarily to support and balance the structure of the skeleton?

Compact bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of short bones?

Provide support and stability with limited motion Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT associated with irregular bones?

They are embedded in tendons Signup and view all the answers

Where are flat bones commonly located in the human body?

In the skull and rib cage Signup and view all the answers

How many irregular bones are typically found in the human spine?

33 Signup and view all the answers

Which bone type is primarily responsible for protecting internal organs?

Flat bones Signup and view all the answers

What defines the shape of long bones?

They are longer than they are wide Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of sesamoid bones?

They are very small and less rounded Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bones in the condition known as osteoporosis?

They become more porous and fragile Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a feature of flat bones?

They facilitate movement of limbs Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily associated with the function of modifying pressure and diminishing friction?

Sesamoid bones Signup and view all the answers

Which ribs are not directly connected to the sternum in front?

False ribs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sternum?

Protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?

126 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bones is NOT part of the shoulder girdle?

Humerus Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the male pelvis from the female pelvis?

Size and shape Signup and view all the answers

Which bones constitute the lower limbs?

Femur, tibia, and fibula Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics are associated with greater and lesser tubercles on the humerus?

They serve as attachment sites for shoulder joint muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the upper limb is referred to as the forearm?

Radius and ulna Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone would not be classified as a long bone?

Scapula Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'appendicular' refer to in anatomy?

Parts that are attached to the skeleton Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skeletal System Overview

The skeletal system comprises all bones and supporting tissues (tendons, ligaments, cartilage).
Infants have about 300 bones, while adults generally have 206.
Bones fuse together during development.

Objectives

Understand the skeletal system's role.
Define axial and appendicular skeletons.
Distinguish bone types.
Recognize skeletal form.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Protection: The skull shields the brain and eyes; the rib cage protects the heart and lungs; vertebrae protect the spinal cord.
Support: The skeletal system provides structural support for the body.
Movement: Bones work with muscles through tendons and ligaments (connecting bones together). Joints are where bones meet.
Shape: Bones give the body its shape and form.
Blood Production: Bone marrow creates blood cells (like red blood cells).
Mineral Storage: Bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus.

Bone Composition

Bones are made of two types of tissue: compact (dense) and spongy (porous).
Spongy bone is within compact bone and is full of tiny holes.
Bone strength comes from the organic salts (mostly calcium and phosphorus), while flexibility comes from collagen fibers and ground substances.

Blood Production (in Bone Marrow)

Blood cells, including red blood cells, are produced within bone marrow. The marrow replaces blood cells destroyed by the liver.

Mineral Storage

Bones store calcium and phosphorus. An excess of these minerals in the blood is stored in bones; when the levels in blood are low, the minerals are released from the bones to maintain balance.

Compact Bone

A type of connective tissue.

Other Bone Tissues

Bone marrow
Endosteum
Periosteum
Nerves
Blood vessels
Cartilage

Divisions of the Skeletal System

Axial skeleton: Forms the central axis of the body (head, neck, and trunk).
Appendicular skeleton: Attached to the axial skeleton and comprises the limbs.

Axial Skeleton

Skull: The bony structure of the head, protecting the brain and supporting facial features. It contains 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones.
Vertebral Column: The spine, made up of 33 vertebrae. Different regions (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx) have different numbers of bones.
Ribs: Thin, flat, curved bones forming a protective cage around upper body organs. They're in 12 pairs (true, false, floating).
Sternum: A flat bone in the center of the chest. It forms the front of the rib cage, protecting vital organs.

Appendicular Skeleton

Upper Limbs: Comprises the arm (humerus), forearm (radius and ulna), and hand (carpals, metacarpals, phalanges). Key areas include the shoulder girdle.
Lower Limbs: Contains the thigh (femur), leg (tibia and fibula), and foot (tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges). The pelvic girdle connects these to the axial skeleton.
Shoulder Girdle: Includes two clavicles (collarbones) and two scapulae (shoulder blades).
Pelvic Girdle: Made of two hip bones (coxal bones) and connects the lower limbs to the axial skeleton (e.g., the sacrum).

Types of Bones

Long Bones: Longer than wide; found in limbs (e.g., femur, humerus, radius, tibia).
Short Bones: Roughly cube-shaped; found in wrists and ankles.
Irregular Bones: Vary in shape; include vertebrae and some facial bones.
Flat Bones: Thin and flat, and may be slightly curved including plates like in the skull, pelvis, sternum, and ribs.
Sesamoid Bones: Small bones embedded in tendons; modify pressure and reduce friction in joints (e.g., patella).

Skeletal Diseases

Osteoporosis: A disease weakening bones by reducing density and quality, increasing fracture risk.
- Causes: Age, hormone imbalances, genetics, body size, calcium intake, and lack of activity
- Symptoms: Back pain, height loss, stooped posture, and easy bone breakage
- Treatment: Calcium-rich diet, vitamin D intake, exercise, and stopping smoking and drinking
Arthritis: Inflammation of joints.
- Causes: Reduction in cartilage; inflammation or injury to joints; attacks by the body's immune system.
- Symptoms: Joint pain, limited movement, swelling, redness, and tenderness.
- Treatment: Surgery, home remedies, medication and joint injections.
Scoliosis: Abnormal curvature of the spine (spine might rotate or appear uneven).
- Causes: Birth defects, growing children, aging, injury, and previous spine surgery
- Symptoms: Uneven shoulders or hips; pain; difficulties breathing
- Treatment: Bracing or surgical correction (depending on severity).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the factors contributing to osteoporosis, symptoms of arthritis, and treatments for scoliosis. This quiz covers key concepts and common misconceptions related to these health conditions. Challenge your understanding of these prevalent issues in health science.