Health Risks and Prevention

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of risk reduction?

  • To eliminate all health risks
  • To react to actual or potential health threats (correct)
  • Tognore health risks
  • To accept health risks

What is a risk factor associated with?

  • A healthy lifestyle
  • A disease that is already present
  • An exposure that is associated with a disease (correct)
  • A disease that may occur in the future

What is risk in the context of health?

  • A guarantee that a disease will occur
  • A health threat that is unavoidable
  • The probability that a specific event will occur in a given time frame (correct)
  • A disease that has already occurred

What are the three criteria for establishing a risk factor?

<p>The frequency of the disease varies by category, or amount of the factor; the risk factor must precede the onset of the disease; and the association concern must not be due to any source of error (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is risk communication?

<p>The process through which the public receives information regarding possible or actual threats to health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common sources of health risk information?

<p>Health care professionals, internet, newspapers, periodicals, radio, and TV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of community organizing?

<p>To empower people and develop their capacity to maximize their control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of community organizing?

<p>Collective involvement in decision making (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of participatory action research?

<p>Empathizing with the people or community being worked with (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of community organizing in terms of quality of life?

<p>Securing short- and long-term improvements in quality of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a community organizer?

<p>Displays a charismatic personality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of organizational policies in community organizing?

<p>To implement the vision, mission, and goals of the organization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of building relatively permanent structures in community organizing?

<p>To establish and sustain relatively permanent organizational structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of community organizing in terms of resource utilization?

<p>To utilize resources to achieve organizational goals and community needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the community organizer in the pre-entry phase?

<p>To select the community for partnership (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the community organizer clearly explain in all initial meetings and contacts with the community?

<p>Their vision, mission, goals, programs, and activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for the community organizer to have a basic understanding of the target community?

<p>To avoid raising unrealistic expectations in the community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the community organizer do to prepare for the initial visit?

<p>Gather information on the community's socioeconomic conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the community organizer not being able to break down the barriers between themselves and the community?

<p>They do not get the chance to better understand the villager's way of life (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should the community organizer avoid doing in the entry phase?

<p>Raising unrealistic expectations in the community (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Boarder' style of community organizing?

<p>The community organizer rents a room or a house in the village and lives their own life (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of the community organizer's process?

<p>To build up the confidence and capacities of the people (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the health risks associated with excessive alcohol drinking?

<p>Increased risk of colon and rectal cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of viruses in the development of certain cancers?

<p>They play an important role in the development of certain cancers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe viruses capable of causing cancer?

<p>Oncoviruses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the effects of UV radiation on the body?

<p>It adversely affects the genes and cell enzymes, causing DNA damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the law that provides for the restructuring of the excise tax on alcohol and tobacco?

<p>RA No. 10352 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the month declared as 'Sight Saving Month'?

<p>August (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of Dengue fever?

<p>Single-stranded RNA virus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mosquitoes is the principal vector of Dengue fever?

<p>Aedes aegypti (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period of Dengue fever?

<p>3-14 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the warning sign of Dengue fever that requires strict observation and medical intervention?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the laboratory indicator of Severe Dengue?

<p>Increase in Hct with rapid decrease in Plt count (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complication of Severe Dengue?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the criteria for Severe Organ Involvement in Dengue fever?

<p>AST or ALT &gt;1,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mosquitoes is the secondary vector of Dengue fever?

<p>Aedes albopictus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Risk and Health

  • Risk: the probability of a specific event occurring in a given time frame (Oclekno, 2002)
  • Risk Factor: an exposure associated with a disease (Friis, 2004)
  • 3 Criteria for Establishing a Risk Factor:
    • The frequency of the disease varies by category or amount of the factor
    • The risk factor must precede the onset of the disease
    • The association must not be due to any source of error

Community Organizing

  • Phases of Community Organizing:
      1. Pre-entry: preparation and choosing the community for partnership
      1. Entry Phase: introduction to the community, clear explanation of vision, mission, goals, and programs
      1. Organizational Phase: building confidence and capacities of the people
  • Goals of Community Organizing:
      1. People's empowerment
      1. Building relatively permanent structures and people's organizations
      1. Improved quality of life

Health Risks

  • Excessive Alcohol Drinking:
    • Causes malabsorption, inflammation of the GIT, liver problems, and cancer
  • Viruses and Cancer:
    • Oncoviruses: viruses capable of causing cancer
    • Examples: HPV (cervical and vulvar cancer), Epstein-Barr virus (nasopharyngeal and anal cancer), HTLV-1 (non-Hodgkin lymphoma), HBV & HCV (liver cancer)
  • Radiation:
    • 2 most common forms: UV and ionizing radiation (X-rays, gamma rays)
    • UV radiation affects genes and cell enzymes, causing DNA damage

Control of Communicable Diseases

  • Dengue:
    • Causative Agent: Dengue Virus (single-stranded RNA virus of 4 types)
    • Vector: Infected female Aedes mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes polynesiensis, and Aedes scutellaris)
    • MOT: Transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito
    • Incubation Period: 3-14 days, commonly 5-7 days
    • Phases of Illness:
      • Warning Signs:
        1. Abdominal pain
        2. Persistent vomiting
        3. Clinical fluid accumulation
        4. Mucosal bleeding
        5. Lethargy, restlessness
        6. Liver enlargement >2cm
        7. Laboratory: increase in Hct with rapid decrease in Plt count
    • Severe Dengue:
      • Severe plasma leakage leading to shock (DSS), fluid accumulation with respiratory distress, and severe bleeding
      • Severe organ involvement: liver, CNS, etc.

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