Health Psychology Chapter 8 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Solve this analogy: Simple sugars are to as amino acids are to .

Carbohydrates = Proteins

Cholesterol and saturated and unsaturated fats are classified as?

Lipids

Amino acids are the components of __ that are responsible for _.

Proteins; synthesis of new cell material

Calcium and iron are classified as?

Minerals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a nutrient?

Fiber Signup and view all the answers

What dietary actions should a woman take now that she has found out she is pregnant?

Take pre-natal vitamins, iron, Vitamin B supplements Signup and view all the answers

People can get all the nutrients and fiber they need by?

Eating healthy Signup and view all the answers

Larry has decided to protect his health by taking large doses of vitamin A and D. This is a _ idea since large amounts of these vitamins __________.

Bad; harm kidney and liver. Signup and view all the answers

What cultural group is most likely to avoid eating dietary fat?

Colombians Signup and view all the answers

What changes have occurred in the American diet since 1980?

Increase in meats, oils, cheese, vegetables, and sugars Signup and view all the answers

Evidence indicated that a preference for sweet tastes is inborn.

True Signup and view all the answers

The main dietary contributor to atherosclerosis is?

Cholesterol LDL (low-density lipoprotein) Signup and view all the answers

The _______ lipoprotein is associated with decreased cholesterol deposits in blood vessels.

HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) Signup and view all the answers

The level of cholesterol in people's blood is influenced by?

Heredity, diet, smoke, women-55 men 45 HDL decreased 40, bad Signup and view all the answers

The dietary substance ________ is strongly associated with developing hypertension.

Sodium Signup and view all the answers

Diets high in saturated fat and low in fiber and fish are particularly associated with cancer of the?

Colon Signup and view all the answers

Early studies found that diets rich in _ are associated with lower cancer risk. Current evidence _

Vitamin A & C (baby carotene); not infinite, not yet. Signup and view all the answers

What ways might you reduce your high serum LDL levels?

Not saturated fats, but polyunsaturated fats Signup and view all the answers

Research with animals has shown that reducing caloric intake by 30%:

Slows aging, increases longevity, and decreases metabolism Signup and view all the answers

In a study of overweight girls and boys from 10-16 years of age, self-esteem levels declined for?

Boys and girls self-esteem from 10-13; girls 15-17; boys in later years. Signup and view all the answers

We judge the desirability of our weight based on two criteria:

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Researchers classify an individual as being at a health-weight, or being under or overweight, on the basis of the?

BMI - body mass index Signup and view all the answers

People are classified as obese when their BMI exceeds?

30 Signup and view all the answers

Research on the role of genetics in the development of obesity has found?

Specific genes are linked to obesity, more fat cells, and metabolism is different Signup and view all the answers

Self-report of eating tends to be accurate.

False Signup and view all the answers

The theory that the body has a certain weight that it strives to maintain is called?

Set point theory Signup and view all the answers

The mechanism in the brain that appears to control body weight is called?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

High serum levels of insulin influence?

Hunger, food consumption, and pleasantness of sweet taste Signup and view all the answers

Facts about fat cells: They can elevate but not decrease; if sleep-deprived, they send a signal to eat; related to body's set point; they will store fat because of not eating.

Various aspects of fat cells' behavior Signup and view all the answers

Fat cell hyperplasia means?

To stop this eat and exercise. Signup and view all the answers

In a dinner party where bad tasting food has been served, who is likely to eat the most?

The normal-weight person Signup and view all the answers

Nan exhibits the eating pattern called ______ when she consumes much more than...

Binge eating Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nutrition and Health Concepts

Simple sugars correspond to carbohydrates, while amino acids relate to proteins.
Cholesterol, saturated, and unsaturated fats fall under lipids.
Amino acids are vital components of proteins, crucial for synthesizing new cell material.
Minerals consist of key elements such as calcium and iron.
Among fats, proteins, fiber, and minerals, fiber is not considered a traditional nutrient.

Nutrient Requirements During Pregnancy

Pregnant women should take prenatal vitamins, along with iron and Vitamin B supplements, to support fetal development.

Healthy Eating Practices

Adequate nutrients and fiber can be achieved through a healthy diet.
Excessive intake of vitamins A and D can be harmful, damaging the kidneys and liver.

Cultural Dietary Habits

Colombians are known to most likely avoid dietary fat compared to other cultural groups like Americans and Koreans.

American Dietary Shifts

Since 1980, there has been a marked increase in consumption of meats, oils, cheese, vegetables, and sugars.

Taste Preferences and Health Risks

Preference for sweet tastes is innate; people are born with a "sweet tooth."
High levels of cholesterol (specifically LDL) are significant contributors to atherosclerosis.
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) helps decrease cholesterol buildup in blood vessels.
Cholesterol levels are affected by heredity, diet, smoking habits, and gender.

Sodium and Hypertension

Dietary sodium intake is heavily linked to the development of hypertension.
High saturated fat diets with low fiber and fish intake are connected to higher cancer rates, particularly colon cancer.

Diet and Cancer Risk

Initial studies indicated that diets rich in vitamins A and C are associated with lower cancer risk, though current evidence suggests this is not definitive.
To manage high serum LDL levels, reducing saturated fats in favor of polyunsaturated fats is recommended.

Weight and Self-Esteem

Reducing caloric intake by 30% in studies with animals has been shown to slow aging and enhance longevity.
During adolescence (ages 10-16), self-esteem generally declines in both boys and girls, with patterns differing by age group.

Measures of Weight and Health

Personal weight desirability is assessed based on attractiveness and healthfulness.
Health classification regarding weight uses the Body Mass Index (BMI) – a BMI over 30 indicates obesity.
Genetics plays a role in obesity, with specific genes linked to increased fat cells and varied metabolism rates.

Eating Patterns and Weight Management

Individuals tend to underreport their food intake, with women often being less accurate.
The set point theory suggests that the body regulates weight maintenance, making significant changes challenging.
The hypothalamus in the brain is crucial for controlling body weight.
High insulin levels limit hunger while influencing food enjoyment.

Fat Cell Characteristics

Fat cells can increase in number but not easily decrease; poor sleep can signal the body to consume more.
Fat cell hyperplasia can be managed through diet and exercise.
At a gathering, individuals with normal weight may consume more of unpalatable food due to heightened taste sensitivity among obese individuals.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 8 of Health Psychology. The quiz includes important definitions and analogies related to nutrition and biological components such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of health psychology topics.