Health Promotion History Quiz 1980s

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following BEST captures the main criticism leveled at the "lifestyle approach" to health promotion in the 1980s?

  • It did not focus enough on individual responsibility for health outcomes.
  • It lacked effective strategies for engaging communities in health initiatives.
  • It failed to effectively address the social and economic factors influencing health choices. (correct)
  • It relied too heavily on medical interventions and overlooked the importance of preventive measures.

What significant historical event in health promotion occurred in 1986?

  • The launch of the Participaction campaign, promoting physical activity.
  • The publication of the Lalonde Report, emphasizing lifestyle factors in health.
  • The first international conference on health promotion, leading to the Ottawa Charter. (correct)
  • The development of the Healthy Cities movement, focusing on local health policies.

Which of the following is NOT a major health issue that has been a focus of health promotion efforts in Canada and the USA?

  • Growing concern about the mental health of the aging population.
  • Increased rates of chronic disease, such as heart disease and diabetes.
  • Declining rates of childhood immunizations. (correct)
  • The prevalence of alcohol-related driving accidents.

The "Healthy Cities" movement, which emerged in 1984, is best characterized by its emphasis on:

<p>Developing comprehensive policies for health at the community level. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key element of health promotion as described in the text?

<p>Implementing mandatory health screenings and preventative measures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The statement "Does not acknowledge the social and economic barriers to making healthy choices" is a criticism aimed at which approach to health promotion?

<p>Lifestyle approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is the most likely reason for the growing focus on health promotion?

<p>There is an increased understanding of the complex relationships between health and various societal factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key theme that emerges from the presented history of health promotion?

<p>Health promotion has evolved from a focus on individual behavior change to a broader approach that considers societal influences. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of health promotion compared to disease prevention?

<p>Addressing the determinants of health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?

<p>Radiation therapy for cancer patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which determinant of health relates to community and familial support?

<p>Social Support Networks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of prevention aims to keep people healthy and free from disease?

<p>Primary prevention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT considered a determinant of health?

<p>Access to recreational activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between income and health, as presented in the content?

<p>Lower income is associated with a higher likelihood of experiencing poorer health outcomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health is NOT directly addressed in the content provided in the slides?

<p>Mental Health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to health as described in the content?

<p>Government Policies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main takeaway from the study of the London-based civil service office staff, mentioned in the content?

<p>Social status, even when accounting for other factors, has a significant impact on health. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health is highlighted by the example of Jewish diseases and sickle cell anemia?

<p>The impact of genetics on health outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a potential factor influencing the physical activity level of First Nations people living on reserves?

<p>Genetic predisposition to certain conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, as mentioned in the content?

<p>Addressing social and environmental determinants of health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the content, which of the following best describes the relationship between culture and health?

<p>Culture plays a significant role in shaping health beliefs, behaviors, and practices. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Health Promotion

A core public health activity that combines health education, service improvements, and advocacy to influence health policies.

Disease Prevention

Strategies aimed at reducing disease risk, identifying risk factors, or detecting diseases early.

Primary Prevention

Actions taken to keep people healthy and free from disease, such as immunization and healthy lifestyle choices.

Secondary Prevention

Efforts to identify diseases in their early stages and encourage treatment through methods like screenings.

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Tertiary Prevention

Actions taken after a disease becomes serious, aimed at restoring function and improving quality of life.

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Determinants of Health

Factors that affect health such as social, economic, and environmental conditions.

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Ottawa Charter, 1986

A foundational document for health promotion, establishing key principles and strategies for practice worldwide.

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Participaction

A Canadian initiative launched in 1972 to promote physical activity and healthy living.

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Disease Prevention vs Health Promotion

Disease prevention focuses on avoiding illness while health promotion emphasizes enhancing well-being.

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Healthy Cities Movement

A movement initiated in 1984 aimed at developing comprehensive health policies at local levels.

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Victim Blaming

A critique of the lifestyle approach in health promotion, suggesting individuals are responsible for their health issues.

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Future Health Issues

Emerging health concerns predicted to develop over the next decades, such as obesity and chronic diseases.

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Income and Health

Lower income Canadians experience poorer health outcomes and higher mortality rates.

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Social Networks

Connections with family, friends, and community improve health and wellbeing.

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Education and Literacy

Higher education levels correlate with better health outcomes and lifestyles.

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Employment Conditions

Job security and working conditions affect physical and mental health.

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Social Environments

Community aspects like support systems influence individual health.

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Physical Environments

The living and working spaces impact overall health conditions.

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Biology & Genetics

Inherited traits and predispositions affect individual health risks.

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Coping Skills

Skills for managing stress and health-related challenges improve wellbeing.

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Study Notes

KIN2010: Intro to Health Promotion

  • Course name: KIN2010: Intro to Health Promotion
  • Instructor: Richard Bucciarelli

Learning Objectives

  • Understand the history of health promotion and Canada's role in its development
  • List health promotion priorities in Canada and the USA
  • Define health and health promotion
  • Compare and contrast disease prevention and health promotion
  • Explain and give examples of health determinants

History of Health Promotion (HP)

  • Enduring Strategies:
    • Education to promote healthy behaviors
    • Public policies at the community level
  • Beginnings (1920-1972):
    • 1946: Health is promoted through a decent standard of living, good labor conditions, education, physical culture, and recreation. - Harry Sigerist.
    • Improved health status in western industrialized countries due to mandatory public health measures and development of the social safety net.
    • Shift to addressing risk factors by promoting healthy lifestyles due to chronic diseases becoming a leading cause of mortality.
  • 1969: The Medical Care Act passed by the Trudeau government, ensuring universal access to health care for all Canadians, emphasizing health promotion and disease prevention. Later re-introduced as the Canada Health Act.
  • 1972: Participaction was born.
  • Mid 1970s-2000: Canadian government establishes Health Promotion Directorate, the first bureaucratic structure devoted to health promotion globally.
    • In the 1980s, the lifestyle approach fell into disrepute, known as "victim blaming". This approach didn't acknowledge the social and economic barriers to making healthy choices.
    • 1984: The birth of the Healthy Cities movement, with a comprehensive approach to health policy at the local level.
    • 1986: The Ottawa Charter, the first international conference on health promotion, became a predominant framework for health promotion worldwide

History of Health Promotion (2000-Present)

  • 2000 and Beyond: Renewed interest in public health due to the re-emergence of communicable disease threats; use of new technologies, continuing climate of fiscal restraint, and development of professional competencies

  • 2005: Commission on Social Determinants of Health to improve daily conditions and understand and tackle unequal distribution of resources.

  • Specific Health Issues in Canada and the USA

    • Coronary heart disease
    • Childhood obesity
    • High cholesterol
    • Alcohol-related motor vehicle accidents
    • Adolescent sexual activity
    • Use of tobacco products
    • Diabetes prevalence
    • Childhood vaccinations (e.g., polio, measles)
    • Cases of older adults without health insurance

Health Promotion vs. Disease Prevention

  • Health promotion focuses on the determinants of health (the root of the problem).
  • Health promotion uses multiple complementary strategies to promote health at the individual and community level.

Levels of Disease Prevention

  • Primary Prevention: Actions to keep people healthy and free from disease (immunization, exercise, sensible diet)
  • Secondary Prevention: Identifying disease in early stages and encouraging treatment (screening, biopsies)
  • Tertiary Prevention: Actions once a disease is serious, aiming to restore function (radiation therapy, angioplasty, insulin for T2D)

Determinants of Health

  • Income and social status
  • Social support networks
  • Education
  • Employment and working conditions
  • Social environments
  • Physical environments
  • Personal health practices and coping skills
  • Healthy child development
  • Biology and genetic endowment
  • Health services
  • Gender
  • Culture

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KIN2010 - Week 1 Lecture #2 PDF

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