Health Prevention Strategies and Communication

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of 'Primary' in terms of health and disease prevention?

Promoting health and preventing development of disease/injury.

Which of the following are examples of Primary Activities?

Providing medication for chronic illnesses

Accident-prevention education (correct)

Immunization clinics (correct)

Teaching about healthy diet, exercise, seat belts, and safe sex (correct)

Family-planning (correct)

Poison-control information (correct)

What is the goal of Secondary healthcare?

Screening for early detection of disease, diagnosis and treatment - goal to identify illness and reverse severity, provide cure and return to maximum health.

What is the primary goal of Tertiary healthcare?

Begins after illness is diagnosed and treated - goal of reducing disability and aiding rehabilitation to maximum functioning. Signup and view all the answers

What are some communication strategies for interacting with physically impaired individuals?

Utilize augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies to adjust conversation. Signup and view all the answers

What are two common methods used to imply yes or no in communication with individuals who are unable to speak?

Eye blinks or hand squeezes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following communication strategies are recommended when interacting with someone who is mentally challenged?

Be patient and willing to repeat yourself (B), Have a quiet environment to avoid distraction (C), Use closed-ended questions (D), Maintain eye contact (E), Use simple terms (F) Signup and view all the answers

When communicating with an unconscious patient, what actions should be taken?

Speak before touching them (A), Assume the patient can still hear you (B), Keep the environment quiet so they can focus on your voice (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies are recommended when interacting with a visually impaired patient?

Identify yourself (A), Indicate when conversation is over and when you're leaving (B), Explain reasons for touch (D), Acknowledge your presence (E) Signup and view all the answers

What steps can be taken when communicating with a foreigner who cannot speak English?

Get a medical interpreter (A), Use a dictionary for word translation (B), Speak in simple terms (C), Use gestures and facial expressions to convey meaning (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of Interpersonal communication?

Occurs between two or more people with a goal to exchange messages. Signup and view all the answers

What is intrapersonal communication?

Self talk, communication with one's self. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key focus of the Nurse-client relationship at the orientation phase?

The roles of both people in the relationship are clarified and an agreement about the relationship is established. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of patient orientation?

Patient is provided with an orientation to the healthcare facility, its' services, admission routines, and any info patient needs for comfortability. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three foundational pillars that contribute to a strong and trusting relationship with a client?

Confidence (A), Self-awareness (E), Empathy (F) Signup and view all the answers

How can effective communication enhance patient assessment?

Facilitating patient assessment (A), Creating a supportive environment for patient assessment (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered barriers to communication?

Roles and responsibilities (A), Environment (B), Physical, mental, and emotional state (C), Sociocultural differences (D), Developmental level (E), Space and territoriality (F), Values (G) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of closed-ended questions in healthcare?

Require yes/no response, gathering specific information. Signup and view all the answers

What is an acute illness?

Rapid onset of symptoms, lasts for short period of time. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of acute illnesses?

Appendicitis (A), Pneumonia (B), Common cold (D), Diarrhea (F) Signup and view all the answers

What is a chronic illness?

Slow onset of symptoms, periods of remission and exacerbation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of chronic illnesses?

Asthma (A), Arthritis (B), Cancer (C), Epilepsy (D), Hypertension (F) Signup and view all the answers

What does a period of remission in a chronic illness indicate?

Symptoms disappear, temporary recovery, but disease is still present. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key focus of the Emotional Dimension of Health?

Identify symptoms and how the mind affects bodily function and responds to bodily conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are symptoms related to the Emotional Dimension of Health?

Difficulty concentrating (A), Depression (C), Impulsive behavior (D), Anxiety (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Physical Dimension of Health?

What are the symptoms related to genetic inheritance, age, developmental level, race, and gender. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are symptoms associated with the Physical Dimension of Health?

Sickle cell anemia (A), Down syndrome (B), Color blindness (E) Signup and view all the answers

What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

A psychological theory that prioritizes human needs. Signup and view all the answers

What are Physiological Needs, according to Maslow's Hierarchy?

Most basic needs, essential for survival, e.g., hunger, thirst, elimination, reproduction, mobility. Signup and view all the answers

What are Safety and Security Needs, according to Maslow's Hierarchy?

Second priority, includes physical safety and emotional security. Signup and view all the answers

What are Self-Actualization Needs, according to Maslow's Hierarchy?

Highest level, most don't get this far; full comfortability/respect with self and others, ability to solve problems and pursue interests. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Cultural Diversity in Nursing?

How can the nurse meet the religious needs of a patient who has a different religion or culture? Signup and view all the answers

What is Ethnocentrism?

Belief that one's own culture is superior to others and the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of one's own. Signup and view all the answers

What is Culture?

Encompasses shared values, beliefs, norms, and practices of a specific group of people, influencing health perceptions. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ethnicity?

Sense of identification with a cultural group, based on common heritage. Signup and view all the answers

What does the A-B-C Priority in Nursing Care stand for?

What will be the most important thing to do when caring for a patient, where A is for air, B for breath, C for circulation. Signup and view all the answers

What is Holistic Nursing Care?

Adapting and assimilating to new culture; involves understanding how individuals adapt. Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'Agent' in the context of infection?

Cause infection - bacteria, fungi, viruses Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Environment' in the context of infection?

Physical surroundings, factor determining spread of microorganisms and infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the Incubation period of an infection?

Time between pathogen's invasion and onset of symptoms, organism is growing and multiplying Signup and view all the answers

What is the Prodromal stage of an infection?

MOST INFECTIOUS, early signs and symptoms (fever, fatigue), usually unaware of being contagious Signup and view all the answers

What is the Full (acute) stage of an infection?

Infection-specific signs/symptoms, determines length and severity of illness Signup and view all the answers

What is the Convalescent period of an infection?

Recovery from infection, may be changes to person's initial health depending on severity of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is Surgical asepsis?

May be used during non-surgical procedures such as inserting urinary or IV catheter, sterile dressing changes, preparing injectable medication Signup and view all the answers

What are immunosuppressed people susceptible to?

Can become infected by organisms within their own bodies, rather than pathogens in the environment or other people Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are healthcare recommendations for individuals who are immunosuppressed?

Ensure provider is healthy (B), Restrict visits from those with colds or contagious illnesses (C), Follow hospital protocols (PPE) (D), Avoid collection of standing water (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following recommendations are for patients who are immunosuppressed?

Pay attention to expiration dates (A), Avoid crowds (B), Wash hands frequently (C), Use disinfectants and antibacterial wipes (D), Avoid sharing personal items (E), Minimize risk of injury (F), Cook food properly (G), Properly refrigerate food (H), Avoid those who are sick or recently vaccinated (I) Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper sizing of a blood pressure cuff?

Bladder length should be 75-100% and width 37-50% of arm circumference, length to width ratio 2:1, 1-2 fingers should be able to fit inside Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood pressure reading if the cuff is too wide?

Reading will be low Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood pressure reading if the cuff is too narrow?

Reading will be high Signup and view all the answers

What is pulse rate?

Number of pulsations felt over peripheral artery or heard over apex of heart, corresponds to rate that heart is beating within one minute Signup and view all the answers

What is pulse amplitude?

Quality of pulse in terms of fullness, indicating volume of blood flowing through vessel, reflects strength of left ventricular contraction Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate temperature measurement method?

Rectal Signup and view all the answers

What does RACE stand for in fire safety protocols?

Rescue anyone from immediate danger, Activate the fire code and notify appropriate person, Confine the fire by closing doors and windows, Evacuate patients and other people to safe areas Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Primary Prevention

Promotes health and prevents illness or injury.
Includes activities like immunization clinics, family planning, poison control information, accident prevention, and education about healthy diets, exercise, seatbelts, and safe sex.

Secondary Prevention

Screens for early disease detection.
Aims to identify illness early, reverse severity, cure it, and return to optimal health.

Tertiary Prevention

Begins after diagnosis and treatment.
Aims to reduce disability and promote maximum functioning/rehabilitation.

Communication Strategies for Special Needs

Physically impaired: Use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC).
Eye blinks/hand squeezes: Used to imply "yes" or "no."
Mentally challenged: Maintain eye contact, use a quiet environment, simple terms, closed-ended questions, patience, and repetition.
Unconscious patient: Assume hearing, speak before touching, keep the environment quiet.
Visually impaired: Acknowledge presence, identify yourself, explain touches, indicate conversation end and departure.
Non-English speakers: Use medical interpreters, dictionaries, and simple language.

Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Communication

Interpersonal: Communication between two or more people with a goal of message exchange.
Intrapersonal: Communication with oneself (self-talk).

Nurse-Patient Relationship

Orientation phase: Nurse and patient clarify roles and expectations.
Patient orientation: Provides the patient with facility information, services, routines, and necessary information for comfort.

Enhancing Patient Assessment

Foundation: Self-awareness, empathy, and confidence build a strong, trusting relationship.
Facilitating assessment: Nurses can enhance focus, empathy, and clinical reasoning, improving care quality.
Supportive environment: Nurses create a supportive environment for accurate data collection and trust.

Barriers to Communication

Developmental level, sociocultural differences, roles/responsibilities, space/territoriality, physical/mental/emotional state, values, environment.

Question Types

Closed-ended: Require "yes" or "no" answers, gather specific info.
Open-ended: Encourage detailed responses, explore concerns.

Types of Illness

Acute: Rapid onset, short duration, examples: appendicitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, common cold.
Chronic: Slow onset, periods of remission and exacerbation, examples: asthma, cancer, epilepsy, hypertension, arthritis.

Health Dimensions

Emotional: Identifies symptoms and mind-body interactions. Symptoms include anxiety, depression, impulsive behavior, and difficulty concentrating.
Physical: Symptoms related to genetics, age, development, race, and gender, e.g., Down syndrome, color blindness, sickle cell anemia.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Prioritizes human needs: physiological, safety/security, self-actualization.

Cultural Considerations

Cultural diversity: Meeting the religious needs of patients from different cultures.
Ethnocentrism: Belief in one's culture's superiority.
Culture: Shared values, beliefs, norms, and practices influencing health perceptions.
Ethnicity: Sense of identification with a cultural group.

Nursing Priorities

ABCs: Priority in nursing care - Airway, Breathing, Circulation.

Holistic Nursing Care

Understanding how individuals adapt to new cultures and environments.

Infection Control

Agent: Cause of infection (bacteria, fungi, viruses).
Host: Living being where the agent resides.
Environment: Surrounding factors influencing infection spread.
Incubation period: Time between invasion and symptoms.
Prodromal stage: Early signs/symptoms, most infectious.
Full (acute) stage: Specific signs/symptoms defining illness length/severity.
Convalescent period: Recovery from infection.

Asepsis

Surgical asepsis: Sterile techniques for procedures (e.g., catheter insertion, dressing changes).

Immunosuppressed Patients

Increased risk of infection, especially from their own bodies.
Healthcare recommendations: Ensure provider health, restrict visits, avoid standing water, follow protocols.
Patient recommendations: Frequent handwashing, disinfectants, avoid crowds, proper food handling.

Vital Signs Measurement

Blood pressure cuff: Proper sizing, width/length ratio, affects readings.
Pulse: Rate, rhythm, amplitude; indicating heart function.
Temperature: Rectal, most accurate. Axillary, least accurate.

Fire Safety

RACE: Rescue, Activate, Confine, Evacuate.

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Description

This quiz covers health prevention strategies including primary, secondary, and tertiary interventions. It also explores effective communication techniques for individuals with special needs. Test your knowledge on promoting health and adapting communication methods across various scenarios.