Concept of Health and Illness

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Questions and Answers

Which model describes health as the state of being free of signs or symptoms of disease?

Medical Model (correct)

Needs-Fulfillment Model

Health-Illness Continuum

Role-Performance Model

What does the Role-Performance Model by Parsons focus on regarding health?

Emotional dimensions

Achievement of highest potential

Socialization and role performance (correct)

Genetic make-up

According to McCann/Flynn & Heffron, how is health represented on the Health-Illness Continuum?

As a constantly changing state (correct)

As a disease-free physical condition

As a state of complete well-being

As the absence of disease symptoms

Which factor strongly influences health status and practices according to the text?

Developmental level Signup and view all the answers

What factor does the Needs-Fulfillment Model emphasize for achieving a state of health?

Maintaining balance and purposeful direction Signup and view all the answers

As per the WHO definition mentioned, what is health NOT merely defined as?

Absence of disease Signup and view all the answers

How do acceptance and relaxation impact body responses to illness?

Change the body's responses to illness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an aspect of the environmental dimension that can influence health and illness?

Economic level Signup and view all the answers

What influences a client's responses to teaching about health and health care during illness?

Intellectual abilities Signup and view all the answers

Why are low-income groups less likely to seek health care for illness prevention or treatment?

Economic constraints Signup and view all the answers

In the context of health and illness, what determines patterns of living and values?

Family and culture Signup and view all the answers

Which component influences a person's behavior in both health and illness according to the text?

Religious beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of tertiary prevention?

To reduce the number of microorganisms present and their transfer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of asepsis focuses on eliminating all microorganisms, whether harmless or disease-producing, in the environment?

Surgical asepsis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective measure to prevent the spread of microorganisms as emphasized in the text?

Washing the hands Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes a condition in which there is an absence of disease-producing microorganisms?

Asepsis Signup and view all the answers

How are microorganisms primarily moved from one object to another, as mentioned in the text?

By holding one item over/above another Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the body is highlighted as the most agile and considered responsible for spreading infectious diseases?

The hands Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of tertiary prevention?

Minimizing the effects of advanced illness complications Signup and view all the answers

In the context of levels of prevention, what is the primary goal of primary prevention?

Providing specific protection against disease to prevent its occurrence Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes early diagnosis in preventing health problems?

Halting pathologic processes and limiting disability Signup and view all the answers

What is the key role of continuing health preventive practices during rehabilitation?

Restoring an individual to an optimal level of functioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of primary preventive medications mentioned in the text?

Sparing the client the cost and effects of illness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of early case finding in the context of preventive measures?

Promoting screening efforts for disease prevention Signup and view all the answers

How long should hand washing take?

20-25 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What does tap water in the Philippines provide for hand washing?

Ideal temperature Signup and view all the answers

When should hand washing be done?

Before eating, after using the toilet, after contact with unclean objects, etc. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best way to dry soaped hands after washing?

Air dry Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a material needed for hand washing?

Hand sanitizer Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended if the hands are dirty or heavily contaminated?

Thorough cleaning Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Health Models and Definitions

The Biomedical Model defines health as the absence of disease indicators or symptoms.
Role-Performance Model by Parsons emphasizes the ability to fulfill social roles as a measure of health and well-being.
According to McCann/Flynn & Heffron, health is represented on a Health-Illness Continuum, which acknowledges a range of health statuses rather than a binary state.

Influencing Factors and Needs

Socioeconomic status strongly influences health status and practices among individuals and communities.
The Needs-Fulfillment Model highlights the importance of meeting basic needs for achieving a state of health.

WHO Definition and Health Perspectives

According to the WHO, health is not merely defined as the absence of disease but encompasses overall well-being including physical, mental, and social aspects.
Acceptance and relaxation can positively impact body responses to illness by reducing stress and enhancing recovery.

Environmental and Behavioral Influences

Aspects of the environmental dimension influencing health include air quality, water supply, and living conditions.
Client's responses to health education during illness are influenced by their previous experiences and understanding of health care.

Access to Healthcare

Low-income groups are less likely to seek health care for prevention or treatment due to financial barriers and access issues.
Patterns of living and values in health and illness are determined by cultural, social, and economic conditions.

Behavioral Influences and Prevention Goals

Cultural beliefs heavily influence a person's behavior regarding health and illness.
The primary goal of tertiary prevention is to minimize the effects of a disease that has already occurred and to promote rehabilitation.

Asepsis and Infection Control

Surgical asepsis focuses on eliminating all microorganisms, including non-pathogenic ones, from the environment.
The most effective measure to prevent the spread of microorganisms is hand hygiene practices.

Microorganism Characteristics

A state of asepsis refers to the absence of disease-producing microorganisms.
Microorganisms are primarily transferred through direct contact from one surface or host to another.
The hands are highlighted as the most agile body part responsible for the transmission of infectious diseases.

Prevention Strategies and Timeframes

The primary focus of tertiary prevention is on rehabilitation and maintaining quality of life post-disease.
The main goal of primary prevention is to promote health and prevent diseases before they occur.

Diagnosis and Rehabilitation

Early diagnosis aims to prevent health problems by identifying conditions before they worsen.
Continuing health preventive practices during rehabilitation is crucial for long-term recovery and preventing relapse.

Hand Hygiene Practices

The primary purpose of primary preventive medications is to avert the onset of disease in at-risk populations.
The focus of early case finding in prevention is to identify diseases at their earliest stage for prompt intervention.

Hand Washing Essentials

Hand washing should take at least 20 seconds for effective cleaning.
Tap water in the Philippines provides a basic but essential resource for hand washing.
Hand washing should occur before food preparation, after using the toilet, and when hands are visibly dirty.
The best way to dry soaped hands is using a clean towel or air dryer.
Antibacterial soap is NOT a necessary material for effective hand washing.
If hands are dirty or heavily contaminated, it's recommended to wash them with soap and water immediately.

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Description

Explore different perspectives on the concept of health and illness, including the Medical Model, Role-Performance Model, and Health-Illness Continuum. Learn about definitions of health and illness from various researchers such as M.B Belloc, L. Breslow, Parsons, McCann, and Flynn.

Concept of Health and Illness - Medical Models