Health Interventions - Overuse Issues
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Questions and Answers

What is primarily responsible for the overuse of healthcare services in a fee-for-service model?

  • Increased patient education
  • Limitations on diagnostic procedures
  • Financial incentives for providers (correct)
  • Mandatory preventive care measures

Which of the following represents a common belief that may lead to unnecessary medical interventions?

  • Providers fear missing a diagnosis (correct)
  • All patients require additional testing regardless of symptoms
  • Medical care is universally understood by patients
  • Only elderly patients need preventive screenings

What is a significant strategy employed to encourage discussions about reducing the overuse of medical tests and procedures?

  • Choosing Wisely campaign (correct)
  • Increasing funding for medical research
  • Mandatory patient surveys post-treatment
  • Creating stricter regulations for healthcare costs

How does public reporting contribute to the reduction of overuse in healthcare?

<p>It allows for comparability of hospital practices to promote accountability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main objectives of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

<p>To improve the overall quality of care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches is a recommended strategy to reduce overuse in medical care?

<p>Implementing evidence-based guidelines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the value-driven healthcare approach emphasizes quality improvement?

<p>Public reporting of care quality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way can journalists contribute to addressing overuse in healthcare?

<p>By advocating for transparency in billing practices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk associated with the practice of overuse among healthcare providers?

<p>Exposure to medical liability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the long-term goals underlying the Affordable Care Act?

<p>To improve public health outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concept behind the term 'Marinated Mind' as it relates to health interventions?

<p>The perception that an increased amount of treatment correlates with better health outcomes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an overused intervention according to the identified common overuses?

<p>Antibiotic treatment of a cold virus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three healthcare quality challenges identified by the Institute of Medicine?

<p>Overuse, misuse, and underuse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one significant financial impact of overuse in healthcare systems?

<p>It leads to over $210 billion wasted annually on unnecessary treatments and tests. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of healthcare overuse?

<p>Increased resources for underserved populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the National Priorities Partnership, which of the following interventions is categorized as commonly overused?

<p>Back surgery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a negative impact of overuse on healthcare systems?

<p>It diverts resources away from care that underserved populations require. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the effects of overuse on healthcare spending?

<p>It contributes to unsustainable spending levels that burden various stakeholders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common misconception about the relationship between treatment and health outcomes?

<p>More treatment always leads to better health outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of interventions did the National Quality Forum identify as overused in healthcare?

<p>Diagnostic imaging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the characteristic of 'Equitable' healthcare as per the IOM Six Aims/Domains of Quality?

<p>Ensuring that patient care quality does not differ due to personal traits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the Institute for Healthcare Improvements’ 'triple aim'?

<p>Enhance patient satisfaction, improve population health, reduce costs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major pitfall in using research to influence health policy?

<p>Assuming that policymakers are well-versed in the details of research methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates a systematic review from a literature review?

<p>Systematic reviews follow a precise search strategy and analyze data. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements reflects the concept of evidence-based practice (EBP)?

<p>Integrating current best evidence in patient care decisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an added aim of the healthcare framework reflecting provider satisfaction?

<p>To enhance job satisfaction among healthcare professionals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can significantly impact the interpretation and use of research evidence in health policy?

<p>Political forces influencing the research agenda. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following summarizes a key aspect of value-based care?

<p>Delivering outcomes that meet community health needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically required for conducting systematic reviews according to the description provided?

<p>A significant investment of resources and stakeholder involvement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the effectiveness of healthcare policies be assessed according to the complexities described?

<p>By recognizing research findings as one piece of a larger policy puzzle. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Overuse in Healthcare

When the potential harm of a medical service outweighs its potential benefit.

Marinated Mind

The belief that doing more in healthcare is better, resulting in overuse.

Health Care Quality Challenges

Underuse, misuse, and overuse are significant problems identified by the National Academy of Medicine.

Overused Health Interventions

Common medical procedures, tests, and treatments that are often done unnecessarily.

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Prescription Drugs Overuse

Unnecessary use of prescription medication.

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Diagnostic Imaging Overuse

Unnecessary use of scans like X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs.

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Procedures (Back Surgery)

Unnecessary surgery on the spine.

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Financial Burden of Overuse

Overuse leads to high healthcare spending burdens on individuals and governments.

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Antibiotic Treatment for the Common Cold

An example of overuse, as antibiotics are ineffective and harmful for viral infections.

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Overuse Impact on Underserved

Overuse diverts resources away from critical care for those with limited access to healthcare.

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Overuse of Medical Services

Using more medical tests, procedures, or treatments than necessary.

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Fee-for-Service Payment

Medical payment based on the number of services provided, incentivizing more services.

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Choosing Wisely Campaign

Initiative to reduce unnecessary medical procedures and tests.

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Public Reporting of Hospital Data

Sharing hospital performance data (e.g., delivery rates) publicly.

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Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Law aimed at increasing healthcare access, improving quality, and controlling costs.

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Value-Driven Healthcare

Healthcare emphasizing quality improvement while lowering costs.

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Evidence-Based Guidelines

Using the best medical knowledge to determine treatment approaches.

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Shared Decision-Making

Involving patients in decisions about their own care.

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Performance Measurement

Tracking and evaluating healthcare quality through metrics.

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Public Reporting Healthcare Data

Transparency of healthcare data for public review and evaluation.

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Value-Based Care

Healthcare focusing on outcomes and cost-effectiveness, rather than just procedures.

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Nurse-Sensitive Measures

Indicators of nursing care quality, like patient safety & satisfaction, easily measured by nurses.

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IOM Six Aims

Six quality goals for healthcare: Safe, Timely, Effective, Equitable, Efficient, and Patient-Centered.

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Triple Aim

A model focusing on patient experience, population health, and cost reduction in healthcare.

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Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

Using the best available research evidence to guide patient care decisions.

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Evidence-Based Policy

Using research to make decisions about resource allocation and regulations in healthcare.

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Literature Review

A summary of existing research on a topic.

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Systematic Review

A comprehensive review of research using a structured approach to find all relevant studies.

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Research influencing policy

Using research findings to shape healthcare policies and regulations.

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Political forces on healthcare

The effects of politics and economics on research and policy.

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Study Notes

Chapter 21: The Marinated Mind

  • Overuse of health interventions is an epidemic, driven by the belief that more treatment is better.
  • Health care quality challenges include underuse, misuse, and overuse.
  • Overuse occurs when the potential harm of a service outweighs the benefit.
  • Commonly overused interventions include prescription drugs, lab tests, imaging, procedures (like back surgery), and end-of-life treatments.
  • Antibiotic treatment of colds and spinal fusion are examples of overuse.
  • Overuse wastes over $210 billion annually and diverts resources from needed care for underserved populations.
  • Main driver of overuse: Fee-for-service payment.
  • Other contributing factors: advertisements creating unrealistic expectations; differing provider/patient beliefs; fear of missing a diagnosis; medical liability concerns; provider expectations, and patient requests for unnecessary care; provider competence.
  • Strategies to reduce overuse: Choosing Wisely campaign, public reporting of hospital data (e.g., Leapfrog Group).
  • Journalists played a role in increasing transparency about overtreatment and changed public policy.

Chapter 51: Quality and Safety in Health Care: Policy Issues

  • Affordable Care Act (ACA): Goals include increasing access to insurance, improving quality of care, controlling costs, and promoting public health.
  • ACA intended to increase access to health care by expanding coverage, creating incentives for quality and efficiency in providers, and achieving optimal patient outcomes at the right price.
  • The ACA has three goals: cost, quality, and access. This is a result of accountability, transparency, performance measurement, public reporting, and value-based purchasing.

Value-Driven Healthcare

  • Value driven healthcare aims to improve quality while lowering costs. Linking affordable care and quality is essential
  • Examples include performance measurement, public reporting, and providing consumer-choice information.
  • Nurses can influence quality using various strategies, like advocating for preventive care coverage, recognition of advanced practice registered nurses, and research linking nursing care to healthcare finances.

Chapter 52: Politics and Evidence-Based Practice and Policy

  • Evidence-based practice: Using the best available evidence to make decisions in patient care.

  • Evidence-based policy: Applying EBP principles for resource allocation and regulations. This approach helps people make informed choices about policies and programs, using the best research available to support policy development.

  • Research influences policy, but political priorities and economic stakes might conflict with research findings.

  • Pearls for using research in policy: Understand policy issues thoroughly, anticipate opposing interpretations, acknowledge limitations, rely on research bodies, and acknowledge controversies.

  • Pitfalls of using research in policy: Assuming familiarity, using overly strong language and biased citations, exaggerating results ignoring weaknesses, citing questionable research, and failing to contextualize research within broader policy debates.

  • Types of reviews:

    • Literature reviews: Summarizing relevant literature (good for background knowledge and starting searches, not clinical decision-making).
    • Systematic reviews: Analyzing research to synthesize conclusions. Includes and analyzes experimental work.
    • Integrative reviews: Analyzing various study types, including non-experimental studies (e.g., case studies).

  • Consideration for research influence on policy- political forces can shape the interpretation of research. Understanding how political challenges, particularly the cost and significance of a health care policy decision can influence political conflict in implementing policy change.

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Description

This quiz explores the complexities of overused health interventions as discussed in Chapter 21: The Marinated Mind. Learn about the drivers of overuse, its financial implications, and strategies for improvement in healthcare quality. Engage with the underlying challenges that come from the belief that more treatment is always better.

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