Health Interventions and Efficiency in Healthcare
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Questions and Answers

How do insurers combat adverse selection in health insurance?

  • Using underwriting practices like health screenings (correct)
  • Offering lower premiums to unhealthy individuals
  • Providing insurance only to healthy individuals
  • Implementing random selection for insurance coverage

What mechanism do some health insurance systems use to ensure a broad and diverse risk pool?

  • Offering coverage only for healthy individuals
  • Providing free insurance to high-risk individuals
  • Allowing self-selection in insurance coverage
  • Mandatory insurance for all citizens (correct)

What challenges do moral hazard and adverse selection present to insurance systems?

  • Public relations and marketing
  • Transparency and accountability
  • Flexibility and innovation
  • Efficiency and sustainability (correct)

Which strategy is NOT commonly employed to address the effects of moral hazard and adverse selection?

<p>Random selection of insurance applicants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to understand and mitigate the effects of moral hazard and adverse selection in insurance systems?

<p>To provide financial protection and access to care for the widest possible population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using underwriting practices like health screenings in insurance?

<p>To assess the risk of applicants and combat adverse selection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does mandatory insurance for all citizens help with adverse selection?

<p>By making the risk pool broad and diverse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do incentives for healthy behaviors play in insurance systems?

<p>Promoting broader participation in insurance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of resource mobilization in health financing?

<p>To generate revenue for healthcare systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of resource allocation in health financing?

<p>To purchase healthcare services from providers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of health insurance schemes?

<p>A system where risks and resources are pooled to spread healthcare costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of health insurance?

<p>It reduces the financial burden of healthcare costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of health financing?

<p>To increase healthcare accessibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of resource pooling in health financing?

<p>To spread the financial burden of healthcare costs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of risk pooling in health insurance?

<p>It spreads the financial burden of healthcare costs across many individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between health insurance and risk pooling?

<p>Health insurance involves pooling risks and resources for healthcare costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of allocative efficiency in healthcare?

<p>What healthcare services to produce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between productive efficiency and allocative efficiency?

<p>What to produce vs. how to produce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of productive efficiency?

<p>Focused on internal workings of healthcare providers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of cost-effectiveness in healthcare?

<p>To maximize health outcomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is equity an important consideration in healthcare resource allocation?

<p>It promotes healthcare accessibility for all (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between outcome-oriented and process-oriented approaches in healthcare?

<p>Outcome-oriented focuses on health outcomes, process-oriented on production process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are both allocative and productive efficiency necessary in healthcare?

<p>To ensure efficient allocation of resources and production of healthcare services (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the scope of allocative efficiency in healthcare?

<p>Concerned with overall health needs of the population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) and Capitation?

<p>DRGs focus on hospital payments based on patient diagnosis, while Capitation involves payment per enrolled person. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage specific to the Capitation payment model?

<p>Risk of under-service if the payment is too low (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which payment model may result in administrative burdens due to coding complexity?

<p>Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario does a healthcare system receive a fixed total budget for all services provided?

<p>Global Budget (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common advantage shared by all three payment models outlined in the text?

<p>Encourages efficiency and cost control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which payment model specifically aims to promote strategic planning and service prioritization?

<p>Global Budget (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary disadvantage of the Capitation payment model?

<p>May result in under-service if payment is too low (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which payment model might incentivize hospitals to avoid costly procedures to stay within the fixed payment rate?

<p>Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the implied relationship between the immediacy of action needed and the demand curve for medical care?

<p>It is less steep if immediate action is not needed and substitutes are relevant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should medical care be perceived as a spectrum of services and goods?

<p>To highlight its relevance in maintaining health over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the price of medical care impact the demand for healthcare services, according to the text?

<p>It has a direct impact, particularly when insurance coverage is involved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of demand is exemplified by individuals getting regular check-ups with a family physician?

<p>Internal demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of healthcare services, what does external demand refer to?

<p>The societal expectation for individuals to consume healthcare services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is reducing the consumption of medical care mentioned as potentially leading to a deterioration in health?

<p>As it disrupts the balance in immediate care needs and substitutes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the out-of-pocket price of healthcare services and the quantity demanded?

<p>Inverse relationship (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do vaccinations play a role in reducing healthcare costs for society as a whole?

<p>They reduce the spread of infectious diseases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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