Health Care System Midterm Review

A way of thinking that focuses on understanding the interconnectedness and interactions of elements within a healthcare system.

The CHC system faces challenges due to the growing number of retirees requiring more healthcare services, leading to an aging population and a shortage of healthcare professionals.

Established in 1867, the BNA Act granted provinces autonomy in areas like healthcare, giving them authority to manage their own healthcare systems and institutions.

Under the BNA Act, the federal government was responsible for providing healthcare services to specific groups, including mariners, Indigenous populations, and those under quarantine.

The BNA Act assigned provinces responsibility for establishing and managing hospitals, asylums, charities, and other healthcare-related institutions.

The Indian Act of 1876 prohibited most Indigenous cultural practices and ceremonies, including their traditional healing methods, until the 1950s.

The Canadian Department of Health was established in 1919, marking a significant step towards centralized healthcare administration in Canada.

The first medical school in Canada was established in Montreal, now known as McGill University.

Canadian citizens or permanent residents who reside in the province or territory for at least 5 months of the year are eligible for provincial or territorial health insurance.

Private health insurance helps cover costs for services not covered by provincial and territorial health services, such as vision, dental care, assistive devices, and enhanced medical services.

The Bismark model is a social health insurance system used in Germany where healthcare is funded through mandatory contributions from employers and employees.

Canada ranked 2nd out of 28 universal healthcare countries in health care spending as a percentage of GDP.

Switzerland ranked 1st in both health care spending as a percentage of GDP and per capita.

Canada ranked last in access to specialists within 4 weeks and surgical care within 4 months.

Federal to provincial equalization payments are based on the difference between a province's fiscal capacity and the 10-province standard.

Provinces and territories can use revenue from lotteries to help fund healthcare.

A publicly funded healthcare system designed to provide equal access and coverage to all eligible Canadians, regardless of their ability to pay.

The Canadian province where Medicare was first introduced in 1962.

A prominent Canadian politician and former Premier of Saskatchewan who is credited with leading the initiative to establish Medicare in Canada.

The year when the Canada Health Act, outlining key principles and guidelines for the Canadian healthcare system, became law.

The primary goal of the Canada Health Act is to guarantee equal access to healthcare for every Canadian, regardless of their financial status or ability to pay.

The Canada Health Act sets out five key principles and two conditions that must be met for a province or territory to receive federal funding for its healthcare system.

These reports investigated and evaluated the state of healthcare in Canada in the early 2000s, highlighting challenges and recommending improvements.

Health Canada plays a central role in supporting Canadians' health by ensuring accessible high-quality healthcare, reducing health risks, and managing funding for provincial and territorial healthcare systems.

Public funding covers essential medical services like hospitals, medications, and human resource support.

The Canadian healthcare system includes both for-profit and not-for-profit funding models. For example, doctors can receive payment through fee-for-service or salaries, representing private and public models respectively.

Healthcare professionals are broadly categorized into two main groups: mainstream/conventional (e.g., nurses, doctors) and complementary/alternative (e.g., dietitians, naturopaths).

The primary responsibility of healthcare professionals (HCPs) is to ensure the sustainability of the healthcare system and the well-being of patients. They operate in various settings like hospitals, clinics, homes, and community organizations.

Interprofessional collaboration involves different healthcare professions working together, sharing knowledge and expertise, to improve patient care. It ensures best practices and benefits patients by considering various perspectives.

Patient-centered care focuses on the individual needs of patients. It involves a collaborative approach between healthcare providers and patients, where patients actively participate in their care plans and have the right to refuse treatment.

The overriding mandate for professional regulatory bodies is to protect the public by setting standards for education, determining the scope of practice, and enforcing ethical conduct.

Professional bodies derive their authority from government legislation that grants them the power to regulate the practice of specific professions, ensuring public safety and upholding ethical standards.

Formal guidelines outlining expectations for professional behavior, ethical decision-making, and best practices. Violations can result in serious consequences like license revocation or legal action.

Health care professionals (HCPs) are held to a high standard of conduct because of the personal and sensitive nature of their work. They must uphold professional and ethical behavior, collaborate with colleagues, and advocate for patients.

Standards set by regulatory bodies to ensure competency and quality in health care practice. These standards cover education, examinations, scope of practice, and complaint resolution.

The principle that a professional should always act in the best interest of the patient, prioritizing their well-being and safety. This principle is paramount in healthcare decision-making.

Recognizing and upholding the patient's right to make their own decisions about their health care, even if those decisions differ from the professional's opinion.

Maintaining honesty and transparency with patients, colleagues, and other stakeholders. This includes disclosing all relevant information and avoiding deception.

Respecting the patient's unique values, beliefs, and needs. This includes fostering a respectful and dignified environment for all.

Maintaining confidentiality of patient information and protecting their privacy. This is a fundamental ethical responsibility of health care professionals.