Health Behaviors Impact Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of deaths were caused by heart disease in the late 1960s?

23.53%

10.95%

16.50%

38.59% (correct)

Which behavior is NOT associated with a potential increase in lifespan?

Moderate alcohol consumption

Smoking (correct)

Eating diets rich in fruits and vegetables

Regular exercise

Which cause of death significantly decreased from the late 1960s to today?

Malignancies (cancer)

Stroke

Heart disease

Chronic lower respiratory disease (correct)

What was the percentage of deaths caused by stroke in today's statistics?

5.75% Signup and view all the answers

Which major cause of death had the lowest percentage in the late 1960s?

Alzheimer's disease Signup and view all the answers

In what area have deaths shown the smallest change from the late 1960s to today?

Accidents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following behaviors contributes to a longer lifespan?

Not smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which of these causes of death increased in significance from the late 1960s to today?

Alzheimer's disease Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily concerned with activities aimed at improving or maintaining health?

Health behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is noted to decrease the likelihood of individuals in their 70s surviving to 90 years of age?

Presence of risk factors Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior refers to activities undertaken to address health problems after recognizing the illness?

Sick-role behavior Signup and view all the answers

What motivates individuals to engage in symptom-based behavior?

Fear of serious illness Signup and view all the answers

How do researchers categorize behaviors performed when individuals perceive themselves as healthy?

Preventive behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of varying health statuses on health behaviors?

Health status influences motivation and type of health behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a component of symptom-based behavior?

Ignoring symptoms completely Signup and view all the answers

What describes behaviors that individuals engage in when they are in good health?

Preventive behaviors Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals is recommended to undergo more frequent medical examinations?

Individuals considered to be at high risk Signup and view all the answers

What effect does following the recommended schedule for mammograms have on women over 50?

It reduces breast cancer mortality by 26% over 10 years Signup and view all the answers

What common barriers do middle-age and elderly women cite for not having mammograms?

Fear, embarrassment, and fatalistic thinking Signup and view all the answers

How do medical staff increase the likelihood of women increasing their mammogram frequency?

By explicitly discussing their risk due to family history Signup and view all the answers

What was the immunization percentage among preschool children in the United States?

70% overall but lower among African Americans Signup and view all the answers

What method can improve the integration of prevention advice in medical practices?

Using a system of reminders for individual patients Signup and view all the answers

What demographic factors are correlated with lower rates of mammogram screenings?

Poor and less educated women Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is not associated with perceived behavioral control regarding self-efficacy?

Donating blood Signup and view all the answers

What factors contribute to the lower immunization rates in poorer societies?

Lower healthcare infrastructure and resources Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is linked to the intention to start smoking?

Attitude regarding the behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which health-related behavior is associated with subjective norms according to the content?

Cancer screening Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation mentioned regarding the theory of planned behavior?

It lacks precision in individual intentions. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is not explicitly mentioned in relation to quitting smoking?

Physical health benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is a common behavior observed in children with irritable bowel syndrome when their parents also have the illness?

They are more likely to stay home from school. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following intends to improve health by promoting exercise?

Wurtele & Maddux, 1987 Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily focused on how others influence behavior?

Subjective norm Signup and view all the answers

Which group was found to exercise more and smoke less according to the research mentioned?

Medical students Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior emphasizes the role of self-efficacy in its practice according to the content?

Exercising Signup and view all the answers

What cultural differences exist regarding health behaviors?

Responses to symptoms and health-seeking behaviors vary between cultures. Signup and view all the answers

How do health behaviors of immigrants change over generations in the United States?

They tend to adopt more healthful behaviors in succeeding generations. Signup and view all the answers

What factors influence an individual's likelihood of taking preventive health actions?

Perceived benefits and barriers and cues to action Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of behavior does sick-role behavior include?

Staying home when sick. Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic factors may affect an individual's perception of health threats?

Age, sex, race, and social class Signup and view all the answers

What role do cues to action play in preventive health behavior?

They serve as reminders that increase perceived threats. Signup and view all the answers

What was one key finding about health behaviors among women as reported in an international survey?

Women perform more healthful behaviors than men. Signup and view all the answers

Perceived susceptibility to health problems is most influenced by which aspect?

Individual personality traits and prior health experiences Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common healthful behavior among medical students?

Smoking cigarettes Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference recognized between people from various cultures concerning health?

Cultural background influences health consciousness. Signup and view all the answers

How are perceived benefits and barriers calculated in evaluating health behaviors?

By summing the advantages and disadvantages of taking preventive action Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between perceived risk and age?

Older adults often perceive higher risks for certain illnesses, such as breast cancer. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common barrier to taking preventive health actions for economically disadvantaged individuals?

Access to health insurance Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates a cue to action?

Hearing news about a friend's serious health condition Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Health Behaviors and Their Impact

Changes in US Death Causes (1968-Present): Cardiovascular disease, malignancies, and stroke were major causes of death in the late 1960s, but their percentages have decreased significantly today. Chronic lower respiratory diseases, accidents, pneumonia/influenza, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, and kidney disease have risen in their contributions to overall deaths. Data shows the percentages for each (Figure 6-1).

Health Behavior Types

Well Behavior: Activities to maintain good health and prevent illness (e.g., healthy diets, exercise)
Symptom-Based Behavior: Activities undertaken when experiencing symptoms to identify the problem and find a remedy (e.g., complaining of symptoms, seeking advice from others, or seeking medical attention).
Sick-Role Behavior: Activities undertaken after deciding one is ill to treat or adjust to the health problem (e.g., staying home from work or school, seeking medical attention for illness).

Influence on Health Behaviors

Individual Differences in Health Behaviors: People's health status, perceived threat of illness, and their assessment of benefits and barriers influence the types and motivation behind their health behaviors.
Cultural Factors: Cultural backgrounds influence symptom responses and approaches to heath issues. Immigrants may have differing pain tolerances, which often diminish through subsequent generations.
Health Behaviors & Health Status: Health status impacts the type and motivation behind health behaviors.
Consistent vs Inconsistent Health Practices: Some individuals consistently practice healthful behaviors throughout their lives while others do not.
Perceived Susceptibility: The belief of getting a health problem affects the likelihood of taking action.
Cues to Action: Reminders about potential health problems or witnessing others experiencing them increase the likelihood of taking action.
Perceived Benefits & Barriers: Health behaviors are influenced by one's assessment of the pros and cons of a health behavior (benefits minus barriers).

Health Promotion Methods

Primary Prevention: Preventative measures to avoid health problems. Examples include immunizations against preventable diseases and encouraging healthy behaviors like not smoking.
Medical Examinations for Primary Prevention: More frequent examinations (for high risk populations, eg. elderly or those with a history of health problems) to detect the disease earlier, saving lives. Mammograms reduce breast cancer mortality.
Patient-Physician Communication: Surveying health risks and getting targeted advice from a physician on changing behaviors for improved health. Nurses or other medical staff can help if physicians struggle with implementing these methods.
Improving Prevention Advice: Using systems of reminders to deliver prevention advice. Website health promotion can also help.

Factors Affecting Health Behaviors

Perceived Susceptibility: A person's risk assessment of getting a specific condition (e.g., cancer).
Cues to Action: Reminding, alerting, or witnessing situations about potential health issues that trigger action (e.g., TV shows, friends, or family).
Attitude regarding the behavior: How individuals feel about their health behaviors. (example attitude about donating blood).
Sociocultural Factors: Personality, age, race, socioeconomic status, and knowledge about the health issue influence the likelihood of taking action.

Theory of Planned Behavior Shortcomings

Theory is not very specific in explaining behavior.

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Description

Test your knowledge on how health behaviors affect mortality rates and learn about different types of health behaviors, including well behavior, symptom-based behavior, and sick-role behavior. This quiz provides insights into changes in health trends from 1968 to the present.