Health Assessment: Physical Assessment Techniques

Purpose of a Complete Health Assessment

• The purpose of a complete health assessment is to collect data about a patient's overall health.

Approaches to Nursing Assessment

• The systematic approach involves examining each system in a predetermined order.
• The nursing assessment primarily focuses on the patient's physical, emotional, and psychological well-being.

Head to Toe Approach

• The Head to Toe Approach involves examining the patient from head to toe, following a specific sequence.

Key Elements of Physical Examination

• A key element of performing a physical examination is to ensure privacy for the patient.
• A complete health assessment includes a physical examination, medical history, and review of systems.
• The recommended sequence of techniques for physical examination of the abdomen is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation.
• Palpation is done last on the abdomen to avoid altering bowel sounds.

Preparation for Physical Examination

• Before approaching the patient, wash hands to maintain infection control and ensure a clean environment.
• The examination room should be ready with necessary equipment and supplies.
• The general sequence of performing physical examination techniques is inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.
• The sequence of measuring vital signs during physical examination is: height, weight, blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respirations.

Reducing Patient Anxiety

• To allay anxiety in the patient, explain the examination procedure and provide emotional support.
• Position the examination table at a comfortable height to prevent stooping and promote a comfortable posture.
• Hands should be washed before a physical examination procedure to maintain infection control.