Health and Nutrition Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended percentage of an adult's total calorie intake that should come from carbohydrates?

45% to 65% (correct)

30% to 40%

70% to 80%

20% to 30%

What effect does hypernatremia have on the body?

Causes excessive urination

Leads to retained fluids and edema (correct)

Reduces blood sodium levels

Stimulates slow heart rate

What type of drainage appears clear and watery, resembling plasma?

Purulent

Sanguineous

Chylous

Serous (correct)

What is a consequence of using anxiolytic medications?

Interference with REM sleep Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the symptoms of dumping syndrome?

Small, frequent meals of mildly seasoned food can help Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes chronic pain?

It can be continuous or intermittent Signup and view all the answers

What should be decreased when preparing a patient for sleep?

Environmental stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What indicates an abnormal drainage level in a patient?

Greater than 300 mL in 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What does serosanguineous drainage indicate?

A mixture of serous and sanguineous drainage Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drainage is thick and may appear yellow, green, tan, or brown?

Purulent drainage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk associated with sanguineous drainage?

Signifying active bleeding Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of endorphins in the central nervous system?

To create an analgesic effect Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of an ileostomy?

It drains semiliquid stool Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport involves oxygen moving into the intravascular compartment without energy use?

Passive transport Signup and view all the answers

What does withholding pain medication from a postoperative patient indicate?

Nursing negligence Signup and view all the answers

Which method is primarily aimed at restoring balance in the body?

Herbal therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions may arise due to smoking?

Decreased functional hemoglobin in blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum urine output required by the kidneys to eliminate waste products?

30 mL/h Signup and view all the answers

What does bright red blood in the feces indicate?

Active bleeding from the lower intestinal tract Signup and view all the answers

What is considered objective data in a clinical setting?

Observable and measurable information Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely diagnosis if a patient presents with a rapid pulse, decreased blood pressure, decreased urinary output, and a dry dressing?

Internal hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

In reflexology, what is believed about pressure on specific areas of the feet?

It can influence the entire body Signup and view all the answers

When a patient threatens to leave against medical advice (AMA), what is the first step a nurse should take?

Notify the physician immediately Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of a clean wound after a surgical procedure?

Uninfected with less than a 5% chance of infection Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do if a patient refuses to sign the AMA form?

Document the incident and inform the physician Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of failing to establish intimacy in adulthood, according to Erikson?

Isolation Signup and view all the answers

In which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development is a child likely to have an imaginary friend?

Preoperational stage Signup and view all the answers

Which dietary inadequacies are common during adolescence?

Iron and calcium Signup and view all the answers

In which family pattern does the male typically have the dominant role and make most financial decisions?

Patriarchal family pattern Signup and view all the answers

What role do endorphins play in pain control?

They provide an analgesic effect similar to morphine Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle mode of bacterial transmission that does not involve direct contact?

Airborne transmission Signup and view all the answers

What type of pain may not always indicate tissue damage and can be either continuous or intermittent?

Chronic pain Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dumping Syndrome

Can be reduced by consuming small, frequent meals of mildly seasoned food.
Extra fiber is not essential.

Pain

Chronic pain can be continuous or intermittent.
It may not be indicative of tissue damage.

Cell Function

Substances must enter the cell to carry out its function.
Intracellular refers to inside the cell.
Extracellular refers to outside the cell.

Fat Storage

Stored in the body as adipose tissue.

Tinctures

Made by placing the herb in alcohol or vinegar.

Fluid Loss

A loss of 20% of body fluid in an adult is fatal.

Sleep Preparation

Environmental stimuli should be decreased when preparing the patient for sleep.

Carbohydrate Intake

45% to 65% of an adult’s total calorie intake should be in the form of carbohydrates.
Added sugars should be limited to no more than 8% (approximately 40 g) of the total number of calories consumed daily.

Wet-to-Dry Dressings

Normal saline, sterile water, lactated Ringer, acetic acid, or Dakin solution are all acceptable for use on wet-to-dry dressings.

Hypernatremia

Greater-than-normal concentration of sodium, which leads to retained fluids and edema.

Anxiolytics

Anxiolytic (antianxiety) medications interfere with REM sleep.
REM sleep is when people achieve full rest.

Reflexology

It is thought that the entire body can be reached by applying pressure to specific areas on the feet.

Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)

Gives quicker relief because there is no delay in waiting for the nurse to respond to the request for analgesia.

Complementary Therapies

Used in addition to conventional therapies.

Sodium

Attracts water and causes fluid retention.

Hypervolemia

Increases the heart’s workload, which can lead to a heart attack.

Daily Fluid Intake and Output

About 2200 to 2700 mL/day.
Urinary output is about 1000 to 2000 mL/day.

Relaxation

The state of general decreased cognitive, physiologic, and/or behavior arousal.

Drainage

Greater than 300 mL in 24 hours is considered abnormal.

Internal Hemorrhage

A patient with a rapid pulse, decreased blood pressure, decreased urinary output, and a dry dressing may have internal hemorrhage.

Drainage Types

Purulent: Thick, yellow, green, tan, or brown drainage.
Serous: Clear, watery plasma.
Sanguineous: Bright red, indicates active bleeding.
Serosanguineous: Pale, red, and watery, a mixture of serous and sanguineous drainage.

Pregnancy and Lactation

Phosphorus should be increased during pregnancy and lactation.

TENS Unit

May interfere with the function of a pacemaker.

Clean Wounds

Uninfected surgical wounds with less than a 5% chance of becoming infected postoperatively.

Alternative Therapies

May become the primary treatment modality.
An example is a patient switching from traditional (allopathic) medicine to chiropractic (alternative).

Acupuncture

Uses needles placed in acupoints to open meridians to release qi (life force).

Endorphins

Found in the pituitary gland and other areas of the central nervous system.
Have the same effect as morphine, producing an analgesic effect.

Dietary Inadequacies in Adolescence

Include iron and calcium.

Opioid Narcotic Side Effects

Constipation is the most common opioid narcotic side effect for which patients do not develop a tolerance.

Withholding Pain Medication

Withholding pain medication from a postoperative client who reports pain is considered an act of nursing negligence.

Ileostomy

Higher in the GI tract and drains semiliquid stool.
Very similar in appearance to a colostomy.
May not be permanent.
Needs a pouch.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Based on the premise that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs.

Assessment Sequence

The usual sequence of assessment is inspection, palpation, auscultation, and percussion.

1/2 x 3/4

The product is 3/8.

Passive Transport

Occurs when the patient inhales oxygen into the lungs.
The oxygen passes by diffusion into the intravascular compartment.

Drug Metabolism

The liver is the main organ that inactivates and metabolizes drugs.

Herbal Therapy

The goal is to restore balance.

Additive Effect on Pain Control

A variety of methods applied simultaneously have an additive effect on pain control.

3/8 ÷ 1/4

The answer is 3/2 or 1 1/2.

Water Balance

A simple and accurate method of determining water balance is to weigh the patient under the same conditions each day.

Lactose Intolerance

Occurs as a result of a lack of lactase, which makes it impossible to break down milk sugar.

Kidneys

Must excrete a minimum of 30 mL/h to eliminate waste products.

Pain Level

Most patients do not function effectively if the pain level exceeds 4 on a scale of 10.

Smoking

Reduces the amount of functional hemoglobin in blood, thus decreasing tissue oxygenation.
May increase platelet aggregation and hypercoagulability.
Interferes with normal cellular mechanisms that promote release of oxygen to tissues.

Gate Control Theory of Pain

The pressure of a backrub will close the gate.

Potassium-Rich Foods

Apricots and asparagus.

Objective Data

Can be seen, heard, measured, or felt by the examiner.
Observable and measurable.
Can be verified by more than one person.

Anxiety

The only objective assessment finding.

Eucalyptus Oils

Can be used for inhalation or may be applied topically.

Indwelling Urinary Catheter

While in place, the bladder loses tone and can retain urine after removal.

Anorexia

Lack of appetite resulting in the inability to eat.
Can occur in many disease conditions.

Bright Red Blood in the Feces

Indicates active bleeding from the lower portion of the intestinal tract.

Wound Dressings

Without an order to change the dressing, the drainage should be circled and dated.
Should the dressing become saturated, the dressing can be reinforced, but the exudate should still be circled.

Perceived Losses

Easily overlooked.

Vulva

Part of the vulva.

Chronic Pain

Can be continuous or intermittent.
May not be indicative of tissue damage.

Hospital Services

Often a patient will require services of various disciplines within the hospital.

Can assist with meeting medical financial obligations.

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)

Sexually transmitted disease (STD).

Nasogastric Tube Insertion

Measurement the nurse should take before inserting a nasogastric tube.

Episiotomy

Incision of the perineum during childbirth.

Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

A 5-year-old who has an imaginary friend with whom he converses frequently is displaying characteristics consistent with Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development.

Piaget's Preoperational Stage

Describes the preschooler as imaginative and egocentric, believing in magical thinking.

Piaget's Formal Operational Stage

The cognitive developmental level of adolescence.

Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

Erikson identifies intimacy as a developmental task of adulthood.
If intimacy is not established, the individual may experience isolation.

Intimacy vs Isolation

Intimacy versus isolation is a developmental task of adulthood.

Patriarchal Family Pattern

The male usually assumes the dominant role and functions in the work role, controls the finances, and makes most of the decisions.

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Description

This quiz covers key aspects of health and nutrition, including digestion, pain, cell function, and dietary recommendations. Learn about the importance of meal frequency, carbohydrate intake, and effective sleep preparation techniques. Test your knowledge on various health topics and their impact on overall wellness.