Health and Community Lecture Objectives

Questions and Answers

Define the term 'health' according to WHO (1946)?

Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.

According to McKenzie (2018), how is health described?

According to McKenzie (2018), health is described as a dynamic state or condition of the human organism that is multidimensional in nature, a resource for living, and results from a person’s interactions with and adaptations to his or her environment.

What are the gestational endowments that contribute to health status?

Genetic Makeup

List three social circumstances that influence health status.

Education, Employment, Income Signup and view all the answers

According to WHO (1946), is health merely the absence of disease and infirmity? Explain.

No, health is not merely the absence of disease and infirmity. It is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. Signup and view all the answers

How does McKenzie (2018) emphasize the individual nature of health?

McKenzie (2018) emphasizes that health is specific to each individual and his or her situation. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three categories of environmental conditions that can affect health?

a. Toxic agents b. Microbial agents c. Structural hazards Signup and view all the answers

Define 'community' based on the provided text.

Community is a collective body of individuals identified by common characteristics such as geography, interests, experiences, concerns, or values. Signup and view all the answers

According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM), what is the aim of public health?

Public health aims to improve the health of communities through an organized community effort. Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of a healthy community as determined in the provided text?

a. Leadership - assess the needs and resources. b. Public health support - public health and social infrastructure and policies that supports health. c. Health Service Delivery equitable, affordable, and available quality health care services. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between 'Community Health' and 'Population Health'?

Community Health refers to the health status of a defined group of people and the actions taken to promote their health, while Population Health refers to the health outcomes of a group of individuals, including the distribution of health outcomes within the group. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of Global Health?

Global Health focuses on health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries. Signup and view all the answers

How is 'Public Health' described in the provided text?

Public Health is ecological in perspective, multisectoral in scope, and collaborative in strategy. It aims to improve the health of communities through an organized community effort. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two categories that differentiate Personal Health Activities from Community and Public Health Activities?

Personal Health Activities are individual actions and decision-making that affect the health of an individual or his or her immediate family members or friends, and seldom directly affect the health of others. Signup and view all the answers

What are the six elements that characterize a community according to the provided text?

<ol> <li>Membership - a sense of identity and belonging. 2. Common symbol systems— similar language, rituals, and ceremonies 3. Shared values and norms 4. Mutual influence— community members have influence and are influenced by each other 5. Shared needs and commitment to meeting them 6. Shared emotional connection—members share common history, experiences, and mutual support.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'Global Health' based on the provided text?

Global Health describes health problems, issues, and concerns that transcend national boundaries and may be influenced by circumstances or experiences in other countries, and are best addressed by cooperative actions and solutions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Health

The World Health Organization (WHO) in 1946 defined health as a "state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."
According to McKenzie (2018), health is described as a dynamic and subjective experience that is influenced by an individual's unique genetic and environmental circumstances.

Factors Influencing Health Status

Gestational endowments that contribute to health status include genetic makeup and prenatal environment.
Social circumstances that influence health status include socioeconomic status, education, and occupation.

Environmental Conditions Affecting Health

Environmental conditions that can affect health can be categorized into three categories: physical (e.g. air quality), social (e.g. social connections), and cultural (e.g. values and norms) conditions.

Community and Public Health

The Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines the aim of public health as ensuring conditions in which people can be healthy.
A community is defined as a group of people living in a specific geographic area who share common interests, values, and goals.
The three components of a healthy community are social cohesion, community resources, and community capacity.
Community Health focuses on the health of a specific community or population, while Population Health focuses on the health of a larger population.
Global Health focuses on the health of populations worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

Public Health and Personal Health Activities

Public Health is described as a collective effort to prevent disease and promote health.
Public Health Activities and Community Health Activities differ from Personal Health Activities in their focus on the broader population, rather than individual health.

Characteristics of a Community

A community is characterized by six elements: common values, shared identity, social connections, collective action, sense of place, and shared history.

Global Health Definition

Global Health is defined as the health of populations worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

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