Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is the correct origin for the left common carotid artery (CCA)?
Which of the following is the correct origin for the left common carotid artery (CCA)?
- Subclavian artery
- Vertebral artery
- Aortic arch (correct)
- Brachiocephalic trunk
The vertebral artery, a major supplier of blood to the brain, originates from which artery?
The vertebral artery, a major supplier of blood to the brain, originates from which artery?
- Common carotid artery
- Internal carotid artery
- Subclavian artery (correct)
- Brachiocephalic artery
Where does the internal carotid artery (ICA) enter the cranium to supply blood to the brain?
Where does the internal carotid artery (ICA) enter the cranium to supply blood to the brain?
- Foramen spinosum
- Jugular foramen
- Carotid canal (correct)
- Foramen magnum
Which of the following arteries does NOT directly branch from the external carotid artery (ECA)?
Which of the following arteries does NOT directly branch from the external carotid artery (ECA)?
The basilar artery, a crucial component of cerebral blood supply, is formed by the convergence of which arteries?
The basilar artery, a crucial component of cerebral blood supply, is formed by the convergence of which arteries?
Which artery supplies blood to the dura mater and passes through the foramen spinosum?
Which artery supplies blood to the dura mater and passes through the foramen spinosum?
Which of the following cerebral arteries is NOT directly part of the Circle of Willis?
Which of the following cerebral arteries is NOT directly part of the Circle of Willis?
Which dural venous sinus runs along the superior margin of the falx cerebri?
Which dural venous sinus runs along the superior margin of the falx cerebri?
The transverse sinus primarily drains into which venous sinus?
The transverse sinus primarily drains into which venous sinus?
What anatomical structure does the sigmoid sinus directly transition into?
What anatomical structure does the sigmoid sinus directly transition into?
Which vein is formed at the jugular foramen and drains the dural venous sinuses of the brain?
Which vein is formed at the jugular foramen and drains the dural venous sinuses of the brain?
Which vein is primarily responsible for draining superficial structures of the scalp and face?
Which vein is primarily responsible for draining superficial structures of the scalp and face?
The facial vein typically drains into which major vein?
The facial vein typically drains into which major vein?
The internal jugular vein lies within the carotid sheath along with which other structures?
The internal jugular vein lies within the carotid sheath along with which other structures?
The two vertebral arteries enter the skull through the ________ and unite to form the ________.
The two vertebral arteries enter the skull through the ________ and unite to form the ________.
Considering the arterial supply to the head, which statement is MOST accurate?
Considering the arterial supply to the head, which statement is MOST accurate?
Where is the vertebral artery located as it ascends towards the brainstem?
Where is the vertebral artery located as it ascends towards the brainstem?
How does the right common carotid artery arise from the aorta?
How does the right common carotid artery arise from the aorta?
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the internal jugular vein and the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between the internal jugular vein and the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Arrange the following venous structures in order, tracing the flow of venous blood from the brain to the brachiocephalic vein: 1. Sigmoid Sinus 2. Internal Jugular Vein 3. Transverse Sinus
Arrange the following venous structures in order, tracing the flow of venous blood from the brain to the brachiocephalic vein: 1. Sigmoid Sinus 2. Internal Jugular Vein 3. Transverse Sinus
A patient presents with a facial laceration that is bleeding heavily. Pressure on which artery might best control the bleeding?
A patient presents with a facial laceration that is bleeding heavily. Pressure on which artery might best control the bleeding?
A surgeon needs to access the middle meningeal artery. Through which foramen of the skull does this artery pass?
A surgeon needs to access the middle meningeal artery. Through which foramen of the skull does this artery pass?
Which of the following statements accurately differentiates the internal and external jugular veins?
Which of the following statements accurately differentiates the internal and external jugular veins?
What is the clinical significance of the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)?
What is the clinical significance of the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis)?
Which of the following is the correct order in the path a drop of blood would take, starting in the sigmoid sinus and ending in the systemic circulation?
Which of the following is the correct order in the path a drop of blood would take, starting in the sigmoid sinus and ending in the systemic circulation?
Flashcards
Blood supply sources to the head
Blood supply sources to the head
The two main sources are the common carotid artery (CCA) and the vertebral artery.
Common carotid artery (CCA) origins
Common carotid artery (CCA) origins
Left CCA branches from the Aorta (AA), while the Right CCA branches from the Brachiocephalic (BC) artery/trunk.
Vertebral artery path
Vertebral artery path
Left and right, originating from the subclavian artery, passing through C6-C1 transverse foramen and the foramen magnum.
Internal carotid artery (ICA)
Internal carotid artery (ICA)
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External carotid artery (ECA)
External carotid artery (ECA)
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Internal carotid artery (ICA) in brain
Internal carotid artery (ICA) in brain
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Vertebral arteries entry to brain
Vertebral arteries entry to brain
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What is the Basilar artery?
What is the Basilar artery?
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External carotid artery (ECA) function
External carotid artery (ECA) function
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Middle meningeal artery
Middle meningeal artery
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Dural Venous Sinuses function
Dural Venous Sinuses function
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Superior sagittal sinus
Superior sagittal sinus
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Transverse sinus
Transverse sinus
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Sigmoid sinus
Sigmoid sinus
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Internal jugular vein
Internal jugular vein
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External jugular vein
External jugular vein
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Facial Vein
Facial Vein
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Study Notes
- The concept is the circulation of the head and neck
Objectives
- Arterial supply to the neck, head, and brain
- Venous drainage of the brain, head, and neck
Blood Supply to Head
- Two main sources of blood supply to the head are the common carotid artery (CCA) and vertebral artery
Common Carotid Artery (CCA)
- The left CCA is a branch of the arch of the Aorta (AA)
- The right CCA is a branch of the Brachiocephalic (BC) artery/trunk
- The CCA is located within the carotid sheath, along with the internal jugular vein and vagus nerve
Vertebral Artery
- Left and right vertebral arteries originate from the subclavian artery
- These arteries pass through the transverse foramen of C6-C1
- They also pass through the foramen magnum
Common Carotid Artery Branches
- Each common carotid artery branches into the internal and external carotid arteries
Internal Carotid Artery
- Supplies the inside of the cranium
- Passes through the carotid canal
- Does not branch as it travels through the neck
External Carotid Artery
- Supplies the outside of the cranium
- Branches will be covered later
Blood Supply to Brain
- All blood to the brain comes from the two internal carotid arteries (ICA) and the two vertebral arteries
- The ICA enters the skull through the carotid canal
- It contributes directly to the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)
Vertebral Arteries
- Vertebral arteries enter the skull by passing through the foramen magnum
- The 2 vertebral arteries join to become the basilar artery
- The basilar artery contributes to the cerebral arterial circle (Circle of Willis)
External Carotid Artery (ECA)
- The external carotid artery supplies blood to the face, neck, scalp, and thyroid
ECA Branches
- Branches into the superior thyroid A, lingual A, ascending pharyngeal A, facial A, occipital A, and posterior auricular A (in order moving superior)
- Terminal branches include the Maxillary A, and the Superficial Temporal A.
Middle Meningeal Artery
- Blood supply to the dura mater
- It is a branch of the external carotid artery
- Courses through the foramen spinosum
Venous Drainage of the Brain, Head, and Neck
- Focus is from inside to outside of the skull
Dural Venous Sinuses
- Include the superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, and sigmoid sinus
Superior Sagittal Sinus
- Forms the superior margin of the falx cerebri
Transverse Sinus
- Forms the outer margin of the tentorium cerebelli
Sigmoid Sinus
- Directs blood into the internal jugular vein at the jugular foramen.
Internal Jugular Vein
- Formed at the jugular foramen
- Drains the dural venous sinuses of the brain
- Collects smaller veins as it descends (ex. Facial V.)
- Deep to the sternocleidomastoid, and within the carotid sheath
- Travels with the common carotid artery and vagus nerve.
- Posterior to the clavicle, it unites with the subclavian V. to form the brachiocephalic V.
External Jugular Vein
- Formed by the union of the retromandibular and posterior auricular veins
- Drains superficial structures (scalp and face)
- Superficial to the sternocleidomastoid
- Terminates in the subclavian vein
Facial vein
- Drains superficial structures of the face
- Drains into the external jugular vein
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