Clinical Assessment of Neck and Cervical Spine

<p>Age &gt;50 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dysphasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurological or non-specific (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blood pressure &gt;160/95 mm Hg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blurring of vision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foramen transversarium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sagittal plane inclined upward and forward (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>C1-C2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opposite side axial rotation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ligaments, intervertebral discs, and facets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convex and concave respectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to maintain a pressure level through repetitions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lateral bending and axial rotation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Short and bifid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fatigue and inability to hold the head up (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enable better control of movement within the neutral zone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anterior cervical fusion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absolute range of motion increases in standing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improvement of controlled motion quality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypomobility of the upper thoracic spine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Balance and coordination exercises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neck in extension, lateral flexion and axial compression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical radiculopathy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased muscle strength (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Structure that is dysfunctional within the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-impact aerobic exercises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical instability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic tension-type headache (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Joint stiffness in the lumbar region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance the identification of patients with improved treatment outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separating patients into treatment-oriented subgroups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cervical traction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased size of the neutral zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whiplash Associated Disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matching interventions to specific patient subgroups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It assesses how movement impacts symptom location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The classification categories for neck pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reproduce symptoms before reducing them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased neck strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supine in hook lying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The activation of deep cervical flexor musculature (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>38.9 seconds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altered neuro-motor control strategy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separation of skin folds due to loss of chin tuck (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential ligamentous laxity or instability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The superior surface of the cervical vertebra curves upwards at the sides, while the inferior surface is sloped downwards.

The cervical vertebrae have an opening in the transverse process, except the seventh cervical vertebra.

The spinous process is short and divided into two, except the seventh spinous process.

The facet joints in the middle and lower cervical spine (C2-C3 to C7-T1) are oriented in the sagittal plane, angled upwards and forwards.

The facet joints in the upper cervical spine (C1-C2) are more horizontal than the middle and lower regions.

The cervical spine allows flexion, extension, rotation, side-bending and translation.

Movement in one direction often causes a coupled movement in another direction due to anatomical structures.

The movement of the joint follows the convex/concave rule, where the convex surface glides in the opposite direction to the motion.

A system of classifying neck pain patients based on the type of treatment provided, rather than the underlying pathology or symptom distribution.

A classification of neck pain characterized by restricted movement in the neck, often involving stiffness and pain with turning the head.

A type of neck pain with radiating pain into the arm, caused by compressed nerves in the neck.

A classification of neck pain involving instability and difficulty coordinating movement, often associated with whiplash or previous injury.

A classification of neck pain that includes acute pain and whiplash, characterized by movement coordination impairments.

A type of neck pain that causes headaches originating from the neck itself.

A medical model that organizes neck pain based on symptoms like discomfort, restricted movement, and pain referral.

A medical model that classifies neck pain based on the affected structures, such as the facet joint or intervertebral disc.

A test to assess the health of the vertebral arteries, which supply blood to the brain. It involves rotating, extending, and laterally flexing the neck to each side for 1 minute while observing for signs of compromised blood flow, such as dizziness, nystagmus, slurring of speech, blurred vision, or unconsciousness.

A collection of warning signs and symptoms associated with conditions that require immediate attention. It helps guide clinicians in determining the urgency of further investigations and referrals.

A specific red flag indicating a possible serious issue, often associated with conditions such as tumors, inflammation, or nerve compression in the cervical spine. It involves symptoms in the upper cervical region and should be carefully assessed by a health professional.

A group of conditions characterized by compression of the spinal cord in the neck region, often leading to sensory and motor disturbances in the hands, arms, and legs. It is a red flag requiring prompt attention and further investigation.

A type of neck pain with no clear neurological cause. It is often referred to as 'mechanical' neck pain, suggesting a musculoskeletal origin rather than a nervous system involvement.

A type of neck pain with noticeable involvement of the nervous system, potentially arising from nerve compression or other neurological issues. It often presents with symptoms like numbness, weakness, or tingling.

A potential complication of cervical traction and manipulation. It occurs when the vertebral arteries are compressed, leading to reduced blood flow to the brain, resulting in symptoms like dizziness, nystagmus, slurring, blurred vision, and even unconsciousness.

Symptoms that indicate potential serious conditions in the neck. These require prompt assessment and investigation by a qualified health professional.

A manual test used to assess the integrity of the transverse ligament of the atlas (C1 vertebra). It involves lifting the patient's head and C1 vertebra anteriorly, while maintaining a neutral position of the neck.

A manual test designed to assess the stability of the transverse ligament by applying stress to it. It is performed by extending the patient's neck to simulate a movement that could potentially damage the ligament.

A test that measures the endurance of the deep neck flexors. It involves the patient holding their head up against gravity for as long as possible.

The ability of the deep cervical flexor muscles to activate and maintain a stable position of the head and neck.

A test that evaluates the strength and endurance of the deep cervical flexor muscles, typically used to assess neck stability and function.

A clinical condition in which the cervical spine loses stability, leading to discomfort and potential pain.

Muscles that are located under the superficial muscles and play a crucial role in maintaining posture and stability.

A measure of the time a person can maintain a certain posture, such as holding their head up.

A diagnostic test that assesses nerve function and is typically used to diagnose cervical radiculopathy. It involves applying pressure to the nerve roots, causing pain and symptoms if nerve compression is present.

The sensation of tingling, numbness, or prickling that can radiate to the arm and hand, often following a dermatomal pattern.

A pattern of weakness affecting specific muscles innervated by a certain nerve root, often caused by nerve compression.

Weakness, stiffness, and postural defects that can arise as a secondary complication of cervical radiculopathy, affecting muscles such as the upper trapezius, scalenes, and levator scapulae.

A treatment technique involving gentle traction applied to the neck to create space for the spinal nerve roots, aimed at reducing nerve compression and relieving symptoms.

A series of exercises designed to improve neck movement and reduce stiffness, involving both active and passive movements of the cervical spine.

Exercises that focus on strengthening the deep neck flexors and scapular muscles, aimed at stabilizing the cervical spine and improving posture.

A measure of how many times someone can maintain a specific muscle pressure, out of a maximum of 10 repetitions.

The highest force a person can generate and hold for 10 seconds.

A condition where the neck muscles are weak, making it difficult to hold the head upright or maintain certain postures.

The ability to move beyond normal limits, often with a loose feeling.

Involves strengthening the muscles that support and stabilize the neck.

Improving the body's awareness of its position and movement.

An operation that fuses neck vertebrae together.

A surgical procedure is usually recommended when there is significant nerve involvement.