10 Questions
What forms the boundaries of the root of the neck laterally?
First ribs and their costal cartilages
Which muscle is the key muscle around which other structures are arranged?
Scalenus anterior
What passes through the root of the neck?
All structures from the head, neck, and thorax to the upper limb
Which of the following veins forms the brachiocephalic veins?
Only a and b
Which nerve crosses the root of the neck medial to the scalenus anterior muscle?
Vagus nerve
What is the anterior boundary of the root of the neck?
Manubrium of the sternum
What is the posterior boundary of the root of the neck?
Body of the first thoracic vertebra
Which of the following arteries is not a branch of the brachiocephalic trunk?
Thoracic artery
Which structure terminates at the root of the neck?
Thoracic duct
Which muscle is not a scalene muscle?
Infrahyoid strap muscle
Study Notes
Thyroid Gland Morphology
- Located in the lower front part of the neck, weighing around 30 grams, slightly heavier in females
- Consists of right and left lobes connected by the isthmus
- Isthmus is midway between the "Adams apple" and the suprasternal notch
- Has two main functions: controls the rate of metabolism and calcium metabolism
- Produces two hormones: thyroid hormone and calcitonin
Parathyroid Glands
- Four glands, normally the size of a pea
- Major disease: hyperparathyroidism, causing calcium imbalance
- Anterior relations include the infrahyoid strap muscles of the neck
Root of the Neck
- Area above the inlet of thorax, bounded laterally by the first ribs and their costal cartilages, anteriorly by the manubrium of the sternum, and posteriorly by the body of the first thoracic vertebra
- Arrangement of scalene muscles: scalenus anterior is a key muscle, with structures arranged around it
- Note: lung apices at root of neck
Organisation of the Root of the Neck
- All structures passing from the head, neck to the thorax, and from the thorax to the head, neck
- Thorax to upper limb pass through the root of the neck
- Contents: scalene muscles, internal jugular veins and subclavian veins, brachiocephalic trunk with its branches, thoracic duct, vagus and phrenic nerves, trachea, and oesophagus
Nerves Crossing the Root of Neck
- Phrenic nerve crossing scalenus anterior
- Vagus, recurrent laryngeal, and sympathetic trunk are medial to scalenus anterior
Test your knowledge of the topography and organization of structures in the root of the neck, including muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, as well as the morphology and anatomy of the thyroid gland.
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