Anatomy of the Neck: Thyroid Gland and Surrounding Structures

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What is the main structure that the superior thyroid artery supplies?

Capsule of the thyroid gland

Parenchyma of the thyroid gland

Connective tissue of the thyroid gland (correct)

Pharynx and trachea

What is the origin of the inferior thyroid artery?

Arch of aorta

Exterior carotid artery

Thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery (correct)

Brachiocephalic artery

What is the foramen caecum of the tongue?

The remnant of the thyroglossal duct (correct)

The proximal opening of the thyroid gland

The distal part of the thyroglossal duct

The pit where the thyroid diverticulum meets the tongue

At what week does the thyroid gland begin to function?

10th-12th week Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following veins drains into the left brachio-cephalic vein?

Inferior thyroid vein Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the parafollicular cells of the thyroid?

Ultimo-branchial body of the 4th pharyngeal pouch Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the carotid sheath and its contents in relation to the thyroid gland?

Posteriorly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is inconstant?

Thyroidea ima artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of infection of a thyroglossal cyst?

Thyroglossal fistula Signup and view all the answers

What is the pyramidal lobe?

The distal part of the thyroglossal duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the thyroidea ima artery?

Brachiocephalic or left common carotid or arch of aorta Signup and view all the answers

Where can ectopic thyroid tissue be found?

Anywhere along the path of descent of the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of underactivity of the thyroid gland?

Hypothyroidism Signup and view all the answers

During thyroid operations, which nerve is closely related to the inferior thyroid artery?

Recurrent laryngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones?

Cretinism Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the thyroid gland that allows it to move with deglutition?

Attachment to the pretracheal fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events in the development of the thyroid gland?

Median endodermal thickening, development from oral cavity, and thyroid diverticulum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the enlargement of the thyroid gland that occurs in Grave's disease?

Physiological goitre Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the secretory granules found in the cytoplasm of parathyroid gland cells?

Parathyroid hormone Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the secretory cells in the parathyroid gland with increasing age?

They are replaced with adipocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid gland?

Their function is not known Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries supply the parathyroid gland with blood?

Superior thyroid artery and Inferior thyroid artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone on blood calcium levels?

Lowering blood calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of parathyroid hormone?

To elevate blood calcium levels by removing calcium from bones Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of calcitonin?

To lower blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption Signup and view all the answers

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

In the thyroid capsule, behind the thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the superior parathyroid glands?

Fourth pharyngeal pouch Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the chief cells in the parathyroid gland?

They are cuboidal or small polygonal cells with a vesicular nucleus Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of elevated blood calcium levels on calcitonin secretion?

It triggers calcitonin secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that supports the cordlike clusters of secretory cells in the parathyroid gland?

Reticular fibers Signup and view all the answers