Anatomy of the Neck: Thyroid Gland and Surrounding Structures
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Anatomy of the Neck: Thyroid Gland and Surrounding Structures

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Questions and Answers

What is the main structure that the superior thyroid artery supplies?

  • Capsule of the thyroid gland
  • Parenchyma of the thyroid gland
  • Connective tissue of the thyroid gland (correct)
  • Pharynx and trachea
  • What is the origin of the inferior thyroid artery?

  • Arch of aorta
  • Exterior carotid artery
  • Thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery (correct)
  • Brachiocephalic artery
  • What is the foramen caecum of the tongue?

  • The remnant of the thyroglossal duct (correct)
  • The proximal opening of the thyroid gland
  • The distal part of the thyroglossal duct
  • The pit where the thyroid diverticulum meets the tongue
  • At what week does the thyroid gland begin to function?

    <p>10th-12th week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following veins drains into the left brachio-cephalic vein?

    <p>Inferior thyroid vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the parafollicular cells of the thyroid?

    <p>Ultimo-branchial body of the 4th pharyngeal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the carotid sheath and its contents in relation to the thyroid gland?

    <p>Posteriorly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries is inconstant?

    <p>Thyroidea ima artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of infection of a thyroglossal cyst?

    <p>Thyroglossal fistula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pyramidal lobe?

    <p>The distal part of the thyroglossal duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the thyroidea ima artery?

    <p>Brachiocephalic or left common carotid or arch of aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can ectopic thyroid tissue be found?

    <p>Anywhere along the path of descent of the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of underactivity of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During thyroid operations, which nerve is closely related to the inferior thyroid artery?

    <p>Recurrent laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for severely stunted physical and mental growth due to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Cretinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the thyroid gland that allows it to move with deglutition?

    <p>Attachment to the pretracheal fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of events in the development of the thyroid gland?

    <p>Median endodermal thickening, development from oral cavity, and thyroid diverticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the enlargement of the thyroid gland that occurs in Grave's disease?

    <p>Physiological goitre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the secretory granules found in the cytoplasm of parathyroid gland cells?

    <p>Parathyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the secretory cells in the parathyroid gland with increasing age?

    <p>They are replaced with adipocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxyphil cells in the parathyroid gland?

    <p>Their function is not known</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supply the parathyroid gland with blood?

    <p>Superior thyroid artery and Inferior thyroid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite effect of parathyroid hormone on blood calcium levels?

    <p>Lowering blood calcium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of parathyroid hormone?

    <p>To elevate blood calcium levels by removing calcium from bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of calcitonin?

    <p>To lower blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the parathyroid glands located?

    <p>In the thyroid capsule, behind the thyroid gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the superior parathyroid glands?

    <p>Fourth pharyngeal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the chief cells in the parathyroid gland?

    <p>They are cuboidal or small polygonal cells with a vesicular nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of elevated blood calcium levels on calcitonin secretion?

    <p>It triggers calcitonin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that supports the cordlike clusters of secretory cells in the parathyroid gland?

    <p>Reticular fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

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