Hazard Control Principles and Practices
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Questions and Answers

What formula is used to calculate stopping distance when considering initial velocity and the coefficient of friction?

  • S = V^2/10 μ
  • S = V^2/20 μ
  • S = V^2/30 μ (correct)
  • S = V^2/40 μ

Which of the following is not a control used for railroad hazards?

  • Thermally insulated tank cars
  • Barrier gates
  • Sensors
  • Traffic light systems (correct)

What is a key risk associated with aviation during severe weather conditions?

  • Takeoff delays
  • Leaking fuel tanks (correct)
  • Controlled descent issues
  • Pilot fatigue

Which of the following best describes 'pinch point hazards'?

<p>Hazards when moving objects crush or shear items in between (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant limitation of enclosure guards on machines?

<p>They must be removed for machine adjustments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the stopping distance (S) in an accident reconstruction?

<p>S = V²/30 μ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a hazard associated with railroads?

<p>Environmental pollution from fumes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between resistance (R), resistivity (ρ), length (L), and cross-sectional area (A) in DC circuits?

<p>R = ρ L/A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of device is used to extinguish electrical fires?

<p>Class C fire extinguisher (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which methodology can be used in a process hazard analysis?

<p>What-If analysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains 'Goal Accomplishment Model' in hazard control?

<p>It involves utilizing equipment under constraints to achieve goals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of grounding in electrical systems?

<p>To remove charge to prevent electric shock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of presence-sensing mats?

<p>To detect a specific weight and stop the machine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gate is specifically designed to provide a barrier during the downstroke of a mechanical power press?

<p>Type B Gate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes self-adjusting guards from adjustable guards?

<p>Self-adjusting guards adapt to the size of stock without operator adjustment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do restraint devices function in a safety context?

<p>They connect wrists to a fixed point to limit reach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of awareness barriers?

<p>To provide a visual alert regarding hazards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which device allows an operator to control a robot safely from within its work envelope?

<p>Pendant control (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional measures are required when an operator must enter a robot's work envelope?

<p>Lockout and tagout procedures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is used in two-hand control systems?

<p>Continued use of both hands to keep out of danger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of adjustable guards can limit their effectiveness?

<p>Frequent adjustments may impair performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first priority for reducing hazards in a workplace environment?

<p>Eliminate or replace the hazard (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of communication is essential for ensuring that the receiver accurately understands the sender's intent?

<p>Feedback (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to the introduction of new hazards during production activities?

<p>Inadequate packaging (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can redundancy in a system help mitigate hazards?

<p>By decreasing the probability of error or failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of hazardous locations?

<p>Class IV: Toxic liquids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to reduce the severity of hazards effectively?

<p>Provide safety devices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of hazards introduced during maintenance activities?

<p>Delayed or improper repairs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor for designing safe systems and operations?

<p>Assessing the use environment accurately (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of electrical cord is recommended for hard or extra-hard usage?

<p>Three-wire type cords (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the four components of effective communication?

<p>Interpretation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Zero Mechanical State (ZMS) refer to?

<p>Detailed procedures necessary for machine safety during maintenance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which safeguard requires the operator to have both hands engaged when starting the machine?

<p>Two-hand trip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do presence-sensing devices, such as photoelectric sensors, do?

<p>They stop machine operation when the sensing field is disturbed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one additional safeguard necessary when an operator enters the work envelope?

<p>Lockout and tagout procedures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a Type 'A' Gate?

<p>To act as a barrier during the machine cycle completion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the purpose of awareness barriers?

<p>To alert individuals about hazardous areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required by two-hand control mechanisms?

<p>A continuous action of both hands to prevent entry into danger. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an operator utilizes pendant control?

<p>They control the robot at slow speeds and have stop capabilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of presence-sensing mats?

<p>They detect weight to stop the machine's operation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of barrier guard?

<p>Control panel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the role of friction in stopping distance?

The force of friction between the tires and road surface determines the safe stopping distance. Higher friction means shorter stopping distance.

What are the primary hazards associated with transportation of hazardous materials?

Accidents involving hazardous materials pose serious risks due to the potential for explosions, fires, and release of toxic substances.

What is electrical shock hazard and what factors influence the risk?

Electrical shock hazard is the risk of injury from electrical current passing through the body. Severity depends on the amount of current and the duration of exposure.

What are the causes and suitable fire extinguishers for electrical fires?

Electrical fires occur due to malfunctioning or misused electrical equipment. Class C or multipurpose fire extinguishers are suitable for extinguishing electrical fires.

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How are hazardous locations classified and what safety precautions are needed?

Hazardous locations are classified based on the presence of flammable gases, combustible dust, or easily ignitable fibers. Proper safety precautions are necessary for each classification.

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What are the main types of machine guards and what are their limitations?

Machine guarding prevents access to hazardous areas of machinery using enclosures, interlocks, or other protective measures. However, some limitations exist.

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What is the importance of housekeeping in a workplace?

Housekeeping is crucial for maintaining a safe work environment. It involves regular cleaning, maintenance, and removal of hazards to prevent accidents.

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Presence-sensing mats

A safety device that uses a mat to detect weight and stop machine operation.

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Two-hand control

Requires both hands to be used simultaneously to operate the machine, preventing accidental contact with the danger area.

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Type "A" Gate

A barrier that moves to protect the operator from the danger area during machine operation.

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Type "B" Gate

A barrier that moves to protect the operator from the danger area during the downstroke of a machine.

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Awareness barriers

A safeguard that alerts workers to potential hazards, usually with a warning sign or message.

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Restraint Devices

A device that restricts the operator's wrist movement, preventing them from reaching the danger area.

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Pullback Devices

A safety device that automatically pulls the operator's hands away from the danger area during machine operation.

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Robotics Safeguards

Safeguards that include presence-sensing devices, barriers, interlocked barriers, perimeter guards, awareness barriers, or awareness signals.

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Pendant Control

A remote control device that allows an operator to control a robot from within the work envelope at slow speeds with emergency stop functionality.

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Zero Mechanical State (ZMS)

A state where all parts of a machine are in a safe condition for maintenance, setup, or cleaning. This includes isolating all energy sources.

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Presence-Sensing Devices

Devices that detect presence within a hazardous zone and stop machine operation. Examples include photoelectric sensors, radio frequency, and electromagnetic devices.

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Two-Hand Trip

A safety measure that requires both hands to be pressed at the same time to start the machine cycle, ensuring hands are clear of the danger zone.

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Barrier Guards

Moveable barriers that prevent access to hazardous areas during machine operation.

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Hood Guard

A guard used on circular table saws that floats above the blade, preventing workers from getting injured.

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Stopping Distance

The distance a vehicle travels before coming to a complete stop after the brakes are applied. It depends on the initial speed (V) and the friction coefficient (μ) between the tires and the road surface.

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Pinch Point Hazard

A dangerous situation where two or more objects move towards each other, potentially crushing or shearing anything in between. Examples include in-running nip points and self-propelled interlocks.

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Communication Components

A combination of elements that convey a message from a sender to a receiver, allowing for feedback. It includes the sender, message, media/channel, decoding, receiver and feedback.

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Hazard Control

The process of identifying, evaluating, and controlling risks associated with hazards to prevent accidents and protect workers. It involves planning, design, maintenance, and communication.

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Distance from Power Transmission

The minimum distance a mechanical power transmission apparatus should be from a floor or walking surface, typically 7 or 8 feet, varies based on standards. This prevents accidental contact and injury.

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Design Errors & Hazards

Design errors can lead to hazards and failures. These errors can arise from neglecting the usage environment, making inadequate assumptions, or employing inappropriate safety factors.

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Production & Distribution Hazards

Replacing one chemical with another, inadequate packaging, insufficient maintenance, and delayed or improper repairs can introduce hazards during production and distribution.

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Communication & Hazards

Poor communication, especially when changes in design, operations, and procedures are not communicated effectively, can lead to hazards.

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Hazard Control Principles

Hazard control involves recognizing hazards, defining and selecting preventive actions, assigning responsibility, and measuring their effectiveness.

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Hazard Reduction Priorities

Eliminating or replacing the hazard is the most effective way to reduce hazards, followed by reducing the hazard level, providing safety devices, warnings, procedures, and protective equipment.

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Severity Reduction

Severity reduction involves minimizing the impact of a hazard. Examples include positioning hazards in areas with fewer people and using smaller quantities of flammable or toxic materials.

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Redundancy & Backup Systems

Redundancy or backup systems reduce the probability of error or failure by designing for lower failure rates, using redundancy, and avoiding single-point failures.

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Hazardous Location Classification

Hazardous locations are classified based on the presence of flammable gases, combustible dust, or easily ignitable fibers.

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Defective Cords

Improper use of cords can lead to electric shocks, burns, or fires. Use insulated wires, inspect cords before use, and employ 3-wire cords rated for hard usage.

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Historical Data & Hazard Identification

Historical data serves as a valuable tool for identifying or anticipating hazards that may currently exist or potentially arise in the future.

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Study Notes

Hazard Control

  • Hazard control involves eliminating or reducing risks from hazards.
  • Planning and design are crucial in hazard control, as design errors can lead to failures and hazards.
  • Failure to consider the use environment, making inadequate assumptions, and using wrong factors of safety can introduce hazards.

Production and Distribution

  • Hazards can arise due to production and distribution activities, such as replacing one chemical with another or inadequate packaging.
  • Insufficient, delayed, or improper maintenance and repair also introduce hazards.

Communication

  • Poor communication can introduce hazards, especially when changes in design, operations, and procedures are not communicated effectively.
  • The four components of communication are sender, message, media/channel, decoding, receiver, and feedback.

Principles of Hazard Control

  • To minimize hazards, one must recognize them, define and select preventive actions, assign responsibility, and provide a means for measuring effectiveness.
  • Historical data can help anticipate or identify hazards that may exist or potentially emerge.

Reduce the Hazard

  • Priorities for reducing hazards include eliminating/replacing hazards, reducing the hazard level, providing safety devices, and providing warnings and safety procedures.
  • Reductions in severity lead to reduced injury and damage.
  • Examples of severity reduction include placing hazards in areas with fewer people or using smaller quantities of hazardous materials.

Redundancy-Backup System

  • Providing redundancy in an operation can reduce the probability of error or failure.
  • Examples include designing for lower failure rates, using redundancy, and avoiding single-point failures.

Hazardous Locations

  • Hazardous locations are categorized into three types: Class I (flammable gases or vapors), Class II (combustible dust), and Class III (easily ignitable fibers or flyings).

Defective or Damaged Cords

  • Improper cord usage can cause shocks, burns, or fires.
  • Safety precautions include insulating live wires, inspecting cords before use, and using only appropriate cord types.

Accident Reconstruction

  • The formula for calculating stopping distance is S = V²/30μ where S is distance, V is initial velocity, and μ is the friction coefficient.

Railroads

  • Hazards include explosions, fires, and toxic material releases.
  • Grade crossing accidents are a frequent cause of rail accidents.
  • Controls such as barrier gates, sensors, and insulated tank cars are crucial.

Aviation Hazards

  • Fuel leaks and ignition can be disastrous.
  • Weather conditions, such as icing and wind shear, pose significant threats.

Pinch Point Hazards

  • Hazards occur when objects move toward each other, potentially crushing or shearing anything between them.
  • Examples include in-running nip points and self-propelled interlocks.

Distance and Location

  • The minimum floor-to-mechanical-power-transmission distance varies depending on specific standards.

Enclosure Guards

  • Fixed guards prevent additional hazards like pinch points.
  • Guards should permit viewing of the operation point.
  • Guards may be impractical in some operations, needing removal for adjustments or repairs.

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Hazard Control PDF

Description

This quiz covers the essential principles of hazard control, focusing on risk elimination and reduction strategies. It addresses the significance of effective planning, design, communication, and maintenance in managing hazards. Test your knowledge on how to identify hazards and implement preventive measures in various environments.

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