Hazard Control Principles and Practices

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Questions and Answers

What formula is used to calculate stopping distance when considering initial velocity and the coefficient of friction?

S = V^2/10 μ

S = V^2/20 μ

S = V^2/30 μ (correct)

S = V^2/40 μ

Which of the following is not a control used for railroad hazards?

Thermally insulated tank cars

Barrier gates

Sensors

Traffic light systems (correct)

What is a key risk associated with aviation during severe weather conditions?

Takeoff delays

Leaking fuel tanks (correct)

Controlled descent issues

Pilot fatigue

Which of the following best describes 'pinch point hazards'?

Hazards when moving objects crush or shear items in between Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant limitation of enclosure guards on machines?

They must be removed for machine adjustments. Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate the stopping distance (S) in an accident reconstruction?

S = V²/30 μ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a hazard associated with railroads?

Environmental pollution from fumes Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between resistance (R), resistivity (ρ), length (L), and cross-sectional area (A) in DC circuits?

R = ρ L/A Signup and view all the answers

What type of device is used to extinguish electrical fires?

Class C fire extinguisher Signup and view all the answers

Which methodology can be used in a process hazard analysis?

What-If analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains 'Goal Accomplishment Model' in hazard control?

It involves utilizing equipment under constraints to achieve goals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of grounding in electrical systems?

To remove charge to prevent electric shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of presence-sensing mats?

To detect a specific weight and stop the machine Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gate is specifically designed to provide a barrier during the downstroke of a mechanical power press?

Type B Gate Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes self-adjusting guards from adjustable guards?

Self-adjusting guards adapt to the size of stock without operator adjustment Signup and view all the answers

How do restraint devices function in a safety context?

They connect wrists to a fixed point to limit reach Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of awareness barriers?

To provide a visual alert regarding hazards Signup and view all the answers

Which device allows an operator to control a robot safely from within its work envelope?

Pendant control Signup and view all the answers

What additional measures are required when an operator must enter a robot's work envelope?

Lockout and tagout procedures Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism is used in two-hand control systems?

Continued use of both hands to keep out of danger Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of adjustable guards can limit their effectiveness?

Frequent adjustments may impair performance Signup and view all the answers

What is the first priority for reducing hazards in a workplace environment?

Eliminate or replace the hazard Signup and view all the answers

Which component of communication is essential for ensuring that the receiver accurately understands the sender's intent?

Feedback Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to the introduction of new hazards during production activities?

Inadequate packaging Signup and view all the answers

How can redundancy in a system help mitigate hazards?

By decreasing the probability of error or failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category of hazardous locations?

Class IV: Toxic liquids Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to reduce the severity of hazards effectively?

Provide safety devices Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of hazards introduced during maintenance activities?

Delayed or improper repairs Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical factor for designing safe systems and operations?

Assessing the use environment accurately Signup and view all the answers

What type of electrical cord is recommended for hard or extra-hard usage?

Three-wire type cords Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT part of the four components of effective communication?

Interpretation Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Zero Mechanical State (ZMS) refer to?

Detailed procedures necessary for machine safety during maintenance. Signup and view all the answers

Which safeguard requires the operator to have both hands engaged when starting the machine?

Two-hand trip Signup and view all the answers

What do presence-sensing devices, such as photoelectric sensors, do?

They stop machine operation when the sensing field is disturbed. Signup and view all the answers

What is one additional safeguard necessary when an operator enters the work envelope?

Lockout and tagout procedures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a Type 'A' Gate?

To act as a barrier during the machine cycle completion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the purpose of awareness barriers?

To alert individuals about hazardous areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is required by two-hand control mechanisms?

A continuous action of both hands to prevent entry into danger. Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an operator utilizes pendant control?

They control the robot at slow speeds and have stop capabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of presence-sensing mats?

They detect weight to stop the machine's operation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of barrier guard?

Control panel Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hazard Control

Hazard control involves eliminating or reducing risks from hazards.
Planning and design are crucial in hazard control, as design errors can lead to failures and hazards.
Failure to consider the use environment, making inadequate assumptions, and using wrong factors of safety can introduce hazards.

Production and Distribution

Hazards can arise due to production and distribution activities, such as replacing one chemical with another or inadequate packaging.
Insufficient, delayed, or improper maintenance and repair also introduce hazards.

Communication

Poor communication can introduce hazards, especially when changes in design, operations, and procedures are not communicated effectively.
The four components of communication are sender, message, media/channel, decoding, receiver, and feedback.

Principles of Hazard Control

To minimize hazards, one must recognize them, define and select preventive actions, assign responsibility, and provide a means for measuring effectiveness.
Historical data can help anticipate or identify hazards that may exist or potentially emerge.

Reduce the Hazard

Priorities for reducing hazards include eliminating/replacing hazards, reducing the hazard level, providing safety devices, and providing warnings and safety procedures.
Reductions in severity lead to reduced injury and damage.
Examples of severity reduction include placing hazards in areas with fewer people or using smaller quantities of hazardous materials.

Redundancy-Backup System

Providing redundancy in an operation can reduce the probability of error or failure.
Examples include designing for lower failure rates, using redundancy, and avoiding single-point failures.

Hazardous Locations

Hazardous locations are categorized into three types: Class I (flammable gases or vapors), Class II (combustible dust), and Class III (easily ignitable fibers or flyings).

Defective or Damaged Cords

Improper cord usage can cause shocks, burns, or fires.
Safety precautions include insulating live wires, inspecting cords before use, and using only appropriate cord types.

Accident Reconstruction

The formula for calculating stopping distance is S = V²/30μ where S is distance, V is initial velocity, and μ is the friction coefficient.

Railroads

Hazards include explosions, fires, and toxic material releases.
Grade crossing accidents are a frequent cause of rail accidents.
Controls such as barrier gates, sensors, and insulated tank cars are crucial.

Aviation Hazards

Fuel leaks and ignition can be disastrous.
Weather conditions, such as icing and wind shear, pose significant threats.

Pinch Point Hazards

Hazards occur when objects move toward each other, potentially crushing or shearing anything between them.
Examples include in-running nip points and self-propelled interlocks.

Distance and Location

The minimum floor-to-mechanical-power-transmission distance varies depending on specific standards.

Enclosure Guards

Fixed guards prevent additional hazards like pinch points.
Guards should permit viewing of the operation point.
Guards may be impractical in some operations, needing removal for adjustments or repairs.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential principles of hazard control, focusing on risk elimination and reduction strategies. It addresses the significance of effective planning, design, communication, and maintenance in managing hazards. Test your knowledge on how to identify hazards and implement preventive measures in various environments.