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Questions and Answers
What is the most effective priority for hazard reduction according to the principles outlined?
What is the most effective priority for hazard reduction according to the principles outlined?
Which of the following categories does NOT classify as a hazardous location?
Which of the following categories does NOT classify as a hazardous location?
Which measure is NOT recommended for preventing accidents related to defective or damaged cords?
Which measure is NOT recommended for preventing accidents related to defective or damaged cords?
In the accident reconstruction formula $S = \frac{V^2}{30 \mu}$, which variable represents the distance?
In the accident reconstruction formula $S = \frac{V^2}{30 \mu}$, which variable represents the distance?
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What is a key challenge in aviation hazards according to the provided principles?
What is a key challenge in aviation hazards according to the provided principles?
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What is the primary function of presence-sensing mats?
What is the primary function of presence-sensing mats?
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What distinguishes Type 'B' Gate from Type 'A' Gate?
What distinguishes Type 'B' Gate from Type 'A' Gate?
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Which type of devices are known to limit an operator's hands from reaching the point of operation?
Which type of devices are known to limit an operator's hands from reaching the point of operation?
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What is a characteristic of self-adjusting guards?
What is a characteristic of self-adjusting guards?
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How does two-hand control enhance safety in machine operations?
How does two-hand control enhance safety in machine operations?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of awareness barrier?
Which of the following is NOT a type of awareness barrier?
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What additional safeguards are required when an operator must enter a robot's work envelope?
What additional safeguards are required when an operator must enter a robot's work envelope?
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What does pendant control allow an operator to perform?
What does pendant control allow an operator to perform?
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What is a primary limitation of adjustable guards?
What is a primary limitation of adjustable guards?
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What is a potential consequence of design errors in structural calculations?
What is a potential consequence of design errors in structural calculations?
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Which of the following are direct causes of accidents?
Which of the following are direct causes of accidents?
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Which property is NOT considered important for the assessment of materials in mechanics and structures?
Which property is NOT considered important for the assessment of materials in mechanics and structures?
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What role does communication play in hazard control?
What role does communication play in hazard control?
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What is a significant risk of inadequate packaging during the distribution of hazardous materials?
What is a significant risk of inadequate packaging during the distribution of hazardous materials?
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Which of the following features is NOT required by design standards for elevators?
Which of the following features is NOT required by design standards for elevators?
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What is the purpose of falling object protection systems (FOPS)?
What is the purpose of falling object protection systems (FOPS)?
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What type of safeguard requires both hands to be used concurrently to prevent access to a danger area?
What type of safeguard requires both hands to be used concurrently to prevent access to a danger area?
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Which of the following safeguards specifically alerts people to a hazardous area?
Which of the following safeguards specifically alerts people to a hazardous area?
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What is the main purpose of Zero Mechanical State (ZMS) procedures?
What is the main purpose of Zero Mechanical State (ZMS) procedures?
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Which safeguard can detect the weight of an object to stop the machine's operation?
Which safeguard can detect the weight of an object to stop the machine's operation?
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What type of gate serves as a barrier between the operator and the danger area until the machine cycle is completed?
What type of gate serves as a barrier between the operator and the danger area until the machine cycle is completed?
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Which procedure is crucial to ensure that power sources are locked out, even if other energy sources remain pressurized?
Which procedure is crucial to ensure that power sources are locked out, even if other energy sources remain pressurized?
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What type of barrier guard is designed to provide a barrier during the downstroke of a mechanical power press?
What type of barrier guard is designed to provide a barrier during the downstroke of a mechanical power press?
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What is a key characteristic of pendant control?
What is a key characteristic of pendant control?
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Which of the following devices stops operation when its sensing field is disturbed?
Which of the following devices stops operation when its sensing field is disturbed?
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Which type of barrier provides a warning but does not prevent entry into a hazardous area?
Which type of barrier provides a warning but does not prevent entry into a hazardous area?
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What should be the first priority when aiming to control a hazard?
What should be the first priority when aiming to control a hazard?
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Which factor is critically involved in the communication process regarding hazard control?
Which factor is critically involved in the communication process regarding hazard control?
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Which of the following scenarios could introduce hazards during production and distribution?
Which of the following scenarios could introduce hazards during production and distribution?
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What is a significant effect of implementing safety devices?
What is a significant effect of implementing safety devices?
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In the classification of hazardous locations, Class II deals with which type of danger?
In the classification of hazardous locations, Class II deals with which type of danger?
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Which of the following actions is a method of hazard reduction?
Which of the following actions is a method of hazard reduction?
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What role does historical data play in hazard control?
What role does historical data play in hazard control?
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What is a consequence of improper use of electrical cords?
What is a consequence of improper use of electrical cords?
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What is a main goal of hazard communication?
What is a main goal of hazard communication?
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Which of the following is an example of reducing hazard severity?
Which of the following is an example of reducing hazard severity?
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Study Notes
Hazard Control
- Hazard control involves removing or reducing the risk from a hazard
- Two key design components are planning and design
- Planning is developing a method for achieving something
- Design is an extension of planning, incorporating detail and specifics
Hazards in Production and Distribution
- Hazards can arise from production and distribution activities such as:
- Replacing one chemical with another that is toxic or flammable
- Inadequate packaging leading to release of hazardous materials
Hazards in Maintenance and Repair
- Hazards can be caused by insufficient, delayed or improper maintenance and repair
- Examples include:
- Failure to tighten bolts properly
- Failure to use lockout procedures
Communication
- Poor communication can introduce risks
- Four components of communication are sender, message, media/channel, decoding, receiver, and feedback
Measurement Tools
- Slip meters measure surface slipperiness to determine friction coefficient
- Light meters measure illumination
Accident Causes
- Direct causes include energy sources and hazardous materials
- Indirect causes include unsafe acts and conditions
Mechanics and Structures
- Important material properties include strength, brittleness, ductility, thermal expansion, shape, and exposure to environmental hazards and chemicals
- Safety factor (SF) is ratio of failure-producing load to maximum safe stress
- Falling object protection systems (FOPS) prevent objects from injuring operators
Cranes and Safety Devices
- Cranes may have load-indicating/limit switches, boom angle indicators, etc
- Basket hitch distributes load half on each sling
- Choker hitch carries load on a single vertical element
Elevators, Escalators, and Manlifts
- These devices must be maintained regularly and inspected by trained staff
- They have safety features such as brake systems, double doors and access doors
Transportation
- 37% of deaths occur between 10 pm and 4 am in motor vehicles
- Distractions such as phones/DVDs can contribute to accidents
Aviation hazards
- Leaking fuel tanks and ignition can be catastrophic
- Icing of wings is related to loss of lift
Pipelines Hazards
- Fire and explosion are major concerns
- Leaks in pipes, fittings, valves, pumps or other components could have disastrous outcomes
Transportation of Hazardous Materials
- Transportation Safety Act of 1974 regulates hazardous materials transportation
- Hazards include explosives, radioactive material, flammable liquids or solids, combustible liquids or solids, oxidizing or corrosive materials, compressed gases, poisons, and etiologic agents
Electrical Circuits
- Resistance in series circuit: R = R1 + R2 + ...Rn
- Resistance in parallel circuit: 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...Rn
- Voltage in AC circuits: V = √PI/CosФ, where V = voltage, I = impedance (Ω), and $ = phase angle in degrees
- Power in DC circuits: P = VI (where P = power/W; and 1hp = 736 W)
- Power in AC circuits: p = V2 CosФ / R (where p = power/W, V=voltage; CosФ= power factor and r= resistance)
- Resistance in DC circuits: R = pL/A, where R = resistance, p = resistivity of the metal; L= length; and A = cross-sectional area.
Capacitors and Inductors
- Capacitors: passive electronic components consisting of a pair of conductors separated by a dielectric(insulator)
- Capacitance in a series circuit: 1/Ct = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + ...Cn
- Capacitance in a parallel circuit: Cparallel = C1 + C2 + ...Cn
- Inductors store energy in magnetic fields
Oscillators and Thermocouples
- Oscillators produce high-frequency alternating currents
- Thermocouples convert heat into electrical energy
- Types of electrical shock severity depend on the amount of current and exposure time
Electrical Shock Hazard
- Shock depends on current (mA), current path, and exposure time.
- Severity levels include: 5 mA (slight shock), 6–25 mA (painful shock), 50–150 mA (extreme pain), and 75 mA and above (ventricular fibrillation)
Electrical Fires and Explosions
- Causes include defective or misused electrical equipment
- Fires often require Class C or multipurpose (ABC) fire extinguishers
- Electrical explosions can occur when arcing occurs in a combustible atmosphere
Hazardous Locations
- Divided into three classifications (I, II and III).
- I: Flammable gases or vapors.
- II: Combustible dust.
- III: Easily ignitable fibers or flyings
Electrical Safety Precautions
- Rubber pads protect workers from electrical lines
- Damaged cords should be removed from service
Machine Guarding
- Enclosure guards prevent access to hazardous machine areas
- Interlocked guards stop operation if the guard is open
Hazard Control Models
- Hazards involve people, machines, environments, and materials.
- Four Ms: Man, Media, Machine and Management
Housekeeping and Housecleaning
- Housekeeping involves cleaning up and removing waste
- This includes cleaning equipment, scrap and waste disposal
Process Hazard Analysis
- Initial process hazard analysis (hazard evaluation) is vital
- Methodologies such as What-If, Checklist, and others (e.g. Fault tree; and Hazard and Operability Study) can be used
Insurance and other topics
- Four insurance categories: property, health, liability and life insurance
- Includes construction insurance for buildings undergoing construction
Priorities for reducing hazards
- Eliminate/replace hazard
- Reduce the hazard
- Provide safety devices
- Provide warnings
- Provide procedures and equipment
- Provide safety for personnel
Redundancy-Backup System
- Redundancy in operations/systems reduces errors or failure probability
- Examples include lower failure rates/ using redundancy/avoiding single-point failures
Hazardous Locations
- Class I (flammable / explosives), Class II (combustible dust), and Class III (easily ignitable fibres).
Defective/Damaged Cords
- Improper use can lead to shocks, burns, or fires
- Safety precautions include using insulating materials, inspecting cords & wires before use
Accident Reconstruction
- Formula for calculating stopping distance: S = V²/30µ
Railroads
- Hazards include explosions, fires, and release of toxic materials.
Aviation Hazards
- Leaking fuel or icing are significant hazards
Pinch Point Hazards
- These occur when objects move towards each other and crush or shear intervening material
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in hazard control, including the importance of planning and design in reducing risks. It also addresses hazards present in production, distribution, and maintenance activities, as well as the role of communication in safety management. Test your knowledge on safety practices and effective measurement tools.
