18 Questions
What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in terms of adaptation?
Sexual reproduction shuffles existing alleles into new combinations.
What is the first step in testing whether evolution is occurring in a population?
Clarifying what is meant by a population.
What is a gene pool?
All the alleles for all loci in a population.
What is a locus?
The location of a gene on a chromosome.
What is a fixed locus?
A locus where all individuals in a population are homozygous for the same allele.
What is the formula for calculating the frequency of an allele in a population?
The total number of alleles at the locus divided by the total number of individuals.
What is the frequency of the CW allele in the population?
0.2
Which principle describes a population that is not evolving?
Hardy-Weinberg principle
What can be concluded if a population does not meet the criteria of the Hardy-Weinberg principle?
The population is evolving
In Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what remains constant from generation to generation?
Allele frequencies
What does Mendelian inheritance help preserve in a population?
Genetic variation
How is the sum of alleles always maintained in a population?
By following the Hardy-Weinberg principle
According to the information provided, what is the frequency of the CRCR genotype in the population?
0.64
If the frequency of the CR allele is 0.8 and the frequency of the CW allele is 0.2, what is the frequency of the heterozygous CRCW genotype?
0.32
Which of the following represents the Hardy-Weinberg principle for a population with two alleles?
p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
If the frequency of the CR allele in the next generation remains 0.8, what will be the frequency of the CWCW genotype?
0.04
If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following conditions must be true?
None of the above.
Which of the following evolutionary forces can lead to a change in allele frequencies over generations?
All of the above
Study Notes
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
- Describes a population that is not evolving
- Frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation
- Assumes random mating and no genetic drift, mutation, or gene flow
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- Constant frequency of alleles in a gene pool
- Allele frequencies will not change if a population meets the criteria of the Hardy-Weinberg principle
Calculating Allele Frequency
- p = frequency of CR allele = 0.8
- q = frequency of CW allele = 0.2
- p + q = 1 (the sum of all alleles in a population is always 1)
Gene Pools and Allele Frequencies
- A population is a localized group of individuals capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring
- A gene pool consists of all the alleles for all loci in a population
- A locus is fixed if all individuals in a population are homozygous for the same allele
Calculating Genotype Frequencies
- CRCR = p^2 = (0.8)^2 = 0.64
- CRCW = 2pq = 2(0.8)(0.2) = 0.32
- CWCW = q^2 = (0.2)^2 = 0.04
Punnett Square
- Can be used to confirm genotype frequencies
- Shows all possible gamete combinations and resulting genotypes
Test your knowledge on the Hardy-Weinberg Principle and Equilibrium with this quiz. Explore concepts such as allele frequencies, population evolution, and the criteria for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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