Harappan Civilisation: Understanding the Past
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of evidence for understanding the Harappan civilisation?

  • Oral traditions and stories
  • Ancient texts and manuscripts
  • Material evidence such as pottery and tools (correct)
  • The Harappan script

Why do organic materials such as cloth and leather rarely survive?

  • Because they decompose quickly in tropical regions (correct)
  • Because they are often destroyed on purpose
  • Because they are not made of durable materials
  • Because they are not valuable

What is the significance of finding valuable artefacts intact?

  • They were lost in the past or hoarded and never retrieved (correct)
  • They were made of durable materials
  • They were deliberately buried for archaeological discovery
  • They were used for ritual purposes

What is one principle of classification used by archaeologists?

<p>Material only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do archaeologists determine the function of an artefact?

<p>By examining its resemblance to present-day objects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do archaeologists classify their finds?

<p>To understand the function and significance of the artefact (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the standard that the local 'Dilmun' weights followed?

<p>Harappan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the build-up of occupational debris over time?

<p>Mound (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of studying the layers in an archaeological site?

<p>To identify the cultural sequence of the site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the absence of ancient materials in a layer?

<p>Sterile layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the occupation of the 'punka-walla' mentioned in Wheeler's account?

<p>A servant who operated a punkah (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the claims of shamans, according to the text?

<p>They claim to have magical and healing powers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used by archaeologists to describe a group of objects, distinctive in style, that are usually found together within a specific geographical area and period of time?

<p>Culture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'BP' stand for in the context of archaeological dating?

<p>Before Present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the site where the Harappan culture was first discovered?

<p>Harappa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the process of understanding ancient artefacts by comparing them with present-day analogies?

<p>Analogy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI)?

<p>Alexander Cunningham (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the period of time between c. 2600 and 1900 BCE?

<p>Harappan Civilisation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe objects kept carefully by people, often inside containers such as pots?

<p>Hoard (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the site where the entire settlement was fortified, and sections within the town were also separated by walls?

<p>Dholavira (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the first use of copper in archaeology?

<p>Chalcolithic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the seal found in Bahrain that sometimes carries Harappan motifs?

<p>Persian Gulf Seal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the context in which an artefact was found in archaeology?

<p>To understand the function of the artefact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of the identification of the 'priest-king' in Harappan archaeology?

<p>Rare stone statuary of men in a standardised posture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do archaeologists often move from the known to the unknown when reconstructing Harappan religion?

<p>Because they are attempting to find parallels with later traditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'proto-Shiva' seals in Harappan archaeology?

<p>They show a figure seated cross-legged in a 'yogic' posture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of relying on later traditions to reconstruct Harappan religion?

<p>It may not provide a accurate understanding of the religious symbols (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been achieved after many decades of archaeological work on the Harappans?

<p>A complete understanding of the Harappan economy and social differences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Rigveda in reconstructing Harappan religion?

<p>It provides a description of the god Rudra (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'unicorn' in Harappan archaeology?

<p>It is a mythical, composite creature depicted on seals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the uncertainty regarding the Harappan cemeteries?

<p>They show little social differentiation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the uncertainty regarding the terracotta female figurines?

<p>What they were used for is not clearly understood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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