Unearth the Secrets of the Indus Valley Civilization

The Lost Civilization of the Indus Valley

• The Indus Valley Civilization was a complex and advanced culture that existed from around 3000 B.C. to 1500 B.C.
• The civilization was centered around the Indus River Valley, covering parts of modern-day Pakistan, northwestern India, and Afghanistan.
• The lack of readable written texts makes it difficult to fully understand the government, religious beliefs, and social structures of the Indus Valley Civilization.
• The civilization was rediscovered in the late 19th century by British soldier Charles Masson, who stumbled upon the ruins of a vast city.
• The ruins of Harappa, one of the major cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, were used as road bed for a railway line by British engineers.
• Excavations in the 1920s revealed the extent and complexity of the Indus Valley Civilization, with cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro being centers of the civilization.
• The geography of the Indus Valley, similar to ancient Mesopotamia, provided fertile land for agriculture and the construction of irrigation systems.
• The Indus Valley Civilization had carefully planned cities with streets in a grid pattern and uniformity in building materials and structures.
• Water management was a significant aspect of the civilization, with drainage systems, running water in houses, and a public water tank for ritual bathing.
• The civilization had a system of writing, but scholars have been unable to decipher the symbols on clay tablets and objects.
• The Indus Valley Civilization engaged in trade with other regions, with goods being found as far as Mesopotamia.
• The artifacts discovered in the Indus Valley include clay toy figures, models of household objects, and intricately carved seals depicting animals and mythical beasts.