Lecture 22 Practice Test

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Questions and Answers

What term did Galen use to refer to leprosy?

Lazarette

Separating sickness

Hansen's disease

Elephantiasis Graecorum (correct)

Which year did the US Public Health Service officially adopt the name 'Hansen's disease'?

1969

1945

1960

1948 (correct)

What was the purpose of leper colonies during the Middle Ages?

To provide medical care

To quarantine individuals with leprosy (correct)

To perform research on leprosy

To house the homeless

What was the designation of the Hawaiian isolation colony for Hansen's disease established in 1866?

Kalaupapa peninsula Signup and view all the answers

How many people with Hansen's disease were exiled due to Hawaiian law until 1969?

8000 Signup and view all the answers

What was the original name of the National Leprosarium established in Carville, Louisiana in 1917?

Louisiana Leper Home Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for patients remaining in Kalaupapa after the isolation law was lifted in 1969?

They could remain as long as desired Signup and view all the answers

What significant recommendation did WHO make regarding leprosy in 1960?

To abolish compulsory isolation Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of Carville during its operation?

An institution for isolation and care of Hansen's disease patients Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment was deemed the 'Miracle of Carville'?

Promin, a sulfone drug Signup and view all the answers

What societal barrier still exists for patients with Hansen's disease?

Stigma associated with the disease Signup and view all the answers

When were patients finally allowed to get married at Carville?

1950s Signup and view all the answers

What misleading change occurred with the name of leprosy?

Changed to Hansen's disease in 1948 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was not a restriction faced by patients upon arrival at Carville?

Mandatory use of prosthetics Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary treatment option available in the early 20th century for Hansen's disease?

Chaulmoogra oil injections Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant effect of the widespread use of multidrug therapy (MDT)?

It reduced the burden of leprosy. Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the unjust practices faced by patients at Carville?

Patients had to adopt new identities Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in the treatment of Hansen's disease in the 1940s?

Promin, a sulfone drug, was introduced Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the positive outcomes associated with the history of leprosy at Carville?

Development of community among patients Signup and view all the answers

What medical advancement did the World Health Organization recommend in 1981?

Multidrug therapy (MDT) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was a restriction placed on married patients at Carville?

They could not live with their spouses Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason patients received humiliating certificates upon discharge?

To label them as no longer posing a public health risk Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception about Hansen's disease is still a barrier today?

Stigma surrounding the disease continues Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'mai ho’okawale' refer to in the context of Hansen's disease?

Separating sickness Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication was Dapsone classified as in the 1950s?

An oral medication with bacterial resistance issues Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment was primarily used during the early 20th century for patients with Hansen's disease?

Chaulmoogra oil injections Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of leprosy houses, also known as lazarettes, during the Middle Ages?

To quarantine people with leprosy Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of Hansen's disease saw a significant change in terminology in 1948?

The disease was renamed from leprosy to Hansen's disease Signup and view all the answers

How were individuals with Hansen's disease affected by Hawaiian law until 1969?

They were forcibly taken from their homes Signup and view all the answers

Which facility was the only national leprosarium located in the continental United States?

Gillis W. Long Hansen's Disease Center Signup and view all the answers

What was the common perception of Hansen's disease in 19th century Louisiana?

It was called 'the disease you do not name' Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant change that occurred following the lifting of isolation laws in Hawaii in 1969?

Remaining patients could choose to stay and receive healthcare Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for the operational control of the National Leprosarium in Carville in 1921?

U.S. Public Health Service Signup and view all the answers

How many people with Hansen's disease were forcibly exiled to Kalaupapa due to Hawaiian law?

Over 8000 Signup and view all the answers

What was the name given to the operational control of the leprosarium before it became the Gillis W. Long Hansen's Disease Center?

U.S. Marine Hospital No. 66 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hansen's Disease (Leprosy)

Galen called it "elephantiasis Graecorum"
Known as "mai ho'okawale" (separating sickness) in Hawaii
19th-century Louisiana referred to it as "la maladie que tu nommes pas" (the disease you do not name)
US Public Health Service renamed it "Hansen's disease" in 1948
Hansen worked in Norway's National Leprosarium #1
Leper colonies/houses were common in the Middle Ages, used for quarantine
Christian-run leprosy houses were often called "lazarettes" or "Lazar houses"
1960: WHO recommended ending compulsory isolation for those with leprosy

Leprosaria

1866: Hawaiian Kingdom established Kalaupapa peninsula as an isolation colony for leprosy
Hawaiian law mandated isolation until 1969
Over 8,000 people with Hansen's disease were exiled to Kalaupapa
After 1969, remaining patients were allowed to stay "for as long as they choose," receiving healthcare
As of 2024, 8 former patients are living at Kalaupapa

Carville, Louisiana

Only national leprosarium in continental US
Established in 1917 (Senate Bill 4086)
US Public Health Service took over in 1921
Originally run by State of Louisiana (1894-1921) as "Louisiana Leper Home"
Daughters of Charity provided nursing care (1896-2005)
Served as isolation facility, hospital, and research center for Hansen's disease
Unjust aspects included: name changes, restrictions on marriage, and inability to vote until 1949
Positive aspects included: development of treatments, community awareness building and reconstruction surgeries
Breakthroughs in treatment for Hansen's disease were among the positive aspects of Careville.

Medical Treatments

Early 20th century: Chaulmoogra oil (painful injections)
1941: Promin (sulfone drug), also a painful injection
1950s: Dapsone pills
Bacteria resistance
1981: WHO recommended multidrug therapy (MDT: dapsone, rifampicin, and clofazimine, for 6-12 months)

Hansen's Disease Today (Modern Era)

No effective vaccine available
BCG vaccine currently used
Widespread use of MDT reduced burden of disease
Stigma remains a barrier to reporting and early treatment
Approximately 200,000 new cases globally annually.

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Description

Explore the historical context and societal implications of Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy. This quiz covers various aspects including its naming, isolation practices, and significant locations like Kalaupapa in Hawaii and Carville in Louisiana.