Tissue Remodelling in Wound Healing
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of repair when injury involves only the epithelial layer?

  • Degradation of matrix metalloproteinases
  • Epithelial regeneration (correct)
  • Collagenisation
  • Migration of connective tissue

    • Which type of collagen is predominant during the early stages of wound healing?

  • Type II collagen
  • Type III collagen (correct)
  • Type I collagen
  • Type IV collagen

    • What is the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tissue degradation?

  • Breakdown of extracellular matrix (correct)
  • Promotion of collagen synthesis
  • Enhancement of epithelial regeneration
  • Increase in wound strength

    • What happens during wound healing by second intention?

    <p>More granulation tissue formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins?

    <p>Collagenisation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes wound healing when there is extensive cell or tissue loss?

    <p>A combination of regeneration and scarring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component is responsible for the close of the wound by pulling margins to the center?

    <p>Myofibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of capillary loops in the wound healing process?

    <p>Develop new blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) in wound healing?

    <p>Induce angiogenesis by promoting new blood vessel formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with mature scar tissue?

    <p>Dense collagen and scattered vascular channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of wound healing do fibroblasts migrate towards the center and produce collagen?

    <p>Proliferative phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of myofibroblasts in wound healing?

    <p>Close the wound by pulling margins to the center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is responsible for the contraction of myofibroblasts that reduces the volume of tissue during repair?

    <p>Myofibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues?

    <p>Cell proliferation control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the ECM provides tissues with resilience and lubrication?

    <p>Proteoglycans and hyaluronan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is responsible for the conversion of granulation tissue scaffolding into a pale, avascular scar during wound healing?

    <p>Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of excessive contraction during repair that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Stricture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor is primarily responsible for fibroblasts depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) during tissue repair?

    <p>Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines whether a wound heals by first or second intention?

    <p>The nature of the wound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In wound healing, what occurs during the proliferation phase?

    <p>Formation of granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of granulation tissue in wound healing?

    <p>To facilitate drainage to the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does wound contraction occur in large wounds?

    <p>To reduce the size of the wound for closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During skin regeneration, what is lost as specialised tissues heal?

    <p>Specialised skin structures like sweat glands and hair follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what point does a wound reach about 70-80% strength during the healing process?

    <p>Around 3 months when inflammation persists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abnormal healing is more common in darker skin?

    <p>Keloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of deficient scar formation according to the text?

    <p>Mechanical stress like coughing and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process leads to the replacement of normal tissue by fibrosis?

    <p>Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process where an injury results in permanent damage causing dysfunction?

    <p>Keloid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are described as labile, stable, or permanent/fixed in terms of their capacity for regeneration?

    <p>Epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between healing by primary intention and healing by secondary intention?

    <p>The type of tissue injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are capable of proliferating continuously and maturing from tissue stem cells?

    <p>Labile cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are described as terminally differentiated and nonproliferative postnatally?

    <p>Permanent cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the cell cycle are stable (quiescent) cells typically in?

    <p>G0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of cells are capable of dividing in response to injury or loss of tissue mass?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are found in the parenchyma of most solid tissues like the liver, kidney, and pancreas?

    <p>Hepatocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type has minimal proliferative activity in normal state but is capable of dividing in response to injury?

    <p>Smooth muscle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of excessive contraction during repair in the gastrointestinal tract?

    <p>Stricture formation around a lumen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which growth factor plays a significant role in fibroblasts depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) during tissue repair?

    <p>Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myofibroblasts during wound healing?

    <p>Contribute to tissue contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides tissues with resilience and lubrication?

    <p>Proteoglycans and hyaluronan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common problem that may arise from the contraction of granulation tissue during repair?

    <p>Tissue stricture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does depositing Extracellular matrix (ECM) become crucial as repair progresses?

    <p>To provide mechanical support and scaffold for tissue renewal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abnormal healing is characterized by excessive scarring that grows rapidly but regresses?

    <p>Hypertrophic scar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of persistent tissue injury according to the text?

    <p>Chronic inflammation and loss of tissue architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells play a key role in the deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins during tissue repair?

    <p>Fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which chronic inflammation leads to fibrosis?

    <p>Replacement of normal tissue by fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injury may result in residual scarring according to the text?

    <p>Pressure sores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of wound contraction in terms of joint mobility during repair?

    <p>Limited joint mobility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between labile and stable cells in terms of regeneration?

    <p>Stable cells are more prone to scarring during regeneration compared to labile cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the basement membrane play in the regeneration of damaged epithelial cells?

    <p>The basement membrane supports the proliferation and differentiation of residual cells during regeneration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of repair does the formation of connective tissue deposited by fibroblasts occur?

    <p>In the remodelling phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of extensive tissue damage or damage to permanent/non-dividing cells during repair?

    <p>Replacement of injured cells with connective tissue leading to scar formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of granulation tissue in wound healing?

    <p>To promote angiogenesis and produce collagen fibers for scar formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the process of repair by scarring according to Dr. C.Hand?

    <p>Formation of a scar when lost tissue cannot be replaced, involving connective tissue replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tissue degradation during wound healing?

    <p>Breaking down the extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During wound healing, what characterizes the process when there is extensive cell or tissue loss?

    <p>More debris and granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of wound healing involves the loss of tissue and unopposed wound edges?

    <p>Healing by second intention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myofibroblasts in the wound healing process?

    <p>Contracting to reduce tissue volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of collagen is predominant during the early stages of wound healing?

    <p>Collagen type III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of granulation tissue in the wound healing process?

    <p>Scaffolding for capillary growth and collagen deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

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