Tissue Remodelling in Wound Healing

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of repair when injury involves only the epithelial layer?

  • Degradation of matrix metalloproteinases
  • Epithelial regeneration (correct)
  • Collagenisation
  • Migration of connective tissue

Which type of collagen is predominant during the early stages of wound healing?

  • Type II collagen
  • Type III collagen (correct)
  • Type I collagen
  • Type IV collagen

What is the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tissue degradation?

  • Breakdown of extracellular matrix (correct)
  • Promotion of collagen synthesis
  • Enhancement of epithelial regeneration
  • Increase in wound strength

What happens during wound healing by second intention?

<p>More granulation tissue formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins?

<p>Collagenisation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes wound healing when there is extensive cell or tissue loss?

<p>A combination of regeneration and scarring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular component is responsible for the close of the wound by pulling margins to the center?

<p>Myofibroblasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of capillary loops in the wound healing process?

<p>Develop new blood vessels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) in wound healing?

<p>Induce angiogenesis by promoting new blood vessel formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is associated with mature scar tissue?

<p>Dense collagen and scattered vascular channels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of wound healing do fibroblasts migrate towards the center and produce collagen?

<p>Proliferative phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of myofibroblasts in wound healing?

<p>Close the wound by pulling margins to the center (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type is responsible for the contraction of myofibroblasts that reduces the volume of tissue during repair?

<p>Myofibroblasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues?

<p>Cell proliferation control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of the ECM provides tissues with resilience and lubrication?

<p>Proteoglycans and hyaluronan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor is responsible for the conversion of granulation tissue scaffolding into a pale, avascular scar during wound healing?

<p>Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excessive contraction during repair that can occur in the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Stricture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor is primarily responsible for fibroblasts depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) during tissue repair?

<p>Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a wound heals by first or second intention?

<p>The nature of the wound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In wound healing, what occurs during the proliferation phase?

<p>Formation of granulation tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of granulation tissue in wound healing?

<p>To facilitate drainage to the surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does wound contraction occur in large wounds?

<p>To reduce the size of the wound for closure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During skin regeneration, what is lost as specialised tissues heal?

<p>Specialised skin structures like sweat glands and hair follicles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what point does a wound reach about 70-80% strength during the healing process?

<p>Around 3 months when inflammation persists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abnormal healing is more common in darker skin?

<p>Keloid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of deficient scar formation according to the text?

<p>Mechanical stress like coughing and vomiting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process leads to the replacement of normal tissue by fibrosis?

<p>Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the process where an injury results in permanent damage causing dysfunction?

<p>Keloid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are described as labile, stable, or permanent/fixed in terms of their capacity for regeneration?

<p>Epithelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between healing by primary intention and healing by secondary intention?

<p>The type of tissue injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are capable of proliferating continuously and maturing from tissue stem cells?

<p>Labile cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are described as terminally differentiated and nonproliferative postnatally?

<p>Permanent cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of the cell cycle are stable (quiescent) cells typically in?

<p>G0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which types of cells are capable of dividing in response to injury or loss of tissue mass?

<p>Fibroblasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are found in the parenchyma of most solid tissues like the liver, kidney, and pancreas?

<p>Hepatocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type has minimal proliferative activity in normal state but is capable of dividing in response to injury?

<p>Smooth muscle cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of excessive contraction during repair in the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Stricture formation around a lumen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which growth factor plays a significant role in fibroblasts depositing extracellular matrix (ECM) during tissue repair?

<p>Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of myofibroblasts during wound healing?

<p>Contribute to tissue contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) provides tissues with resilience and lubrication?

<p>Proteoglycans and hyaluronan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common problem that may arise from the contraction of granulation tissue during repair?

<p>Tissue stricture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does depositing Extracellular matrix (ECM) become crucial as repair progresses?

<p>To provide mechanical support and scaffold for tissue renewal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abnormal healing is characterized by excessive scarring that grows rapidly but regresses?

<p>Hypertrophic scar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of persistent tissue injury according to the text?

<p>Chronic inflammation and loss of tissue architecture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells play a key role in the deposition of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins during tissue repair?

<p>Fibroblasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which chronic inflammation leads to fibrosis?

<p>Replacement of normal tissue by fibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of injury may result in residual scarring according to the text?

<p>Pressure sores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of wound contraction in terms of joint mobility during repair?

<p>Limited joint mobility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between labile and stable cells in terms of regeneration?

<p>Stable cells are more prone to scarring during regeneration compared to labile cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the basement membrane play in the regeneration of damaged epithelial cells?

<p>The basement membrane supports the proliferation and differentiation of residual cells during regeneration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of repair does the formation of connective tissue deposited by fibroblasts occur?

<p>In the remodelling phase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of extensive tissue damage or damage to permanent/non-dividing cells during repair?

<p>Replacement of injured cells with connective tissue leading to scar formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of granulation tissue in wound healing?

<p>To promote angiogenesis and produce collagen fibers for scar formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the process of repair by scarring according to Dr. C.Hand?

<p>Formation of a scar when lost tissue cannot be replaced, involving connective tissue replacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in tissue degradation during wound healing?

<p>Breaking down the extracellular matrix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During wound healing, what characterizes the process when there is extensive cell or tissue loss?

<p>More debris and granulation tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wound healing involves the loss of tissue and unopposed wound edges?

<p>Healing by second intention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of myofibroblasts in the wound healing process?

<p>Contracting to reduce tissue volume (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collagen is predominant during the early stages of wound healing?

<p>Collagen type III (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of granulation tissue in the wound healing process?

<p>Scaffolding for capillary growth and collagen deposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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