Bone Tissue Overview and Remodeling

Between successive lamellae are ______, each with one osteocyte.

All cells of an osteon receive nutrients and oxygen from vessels in the central ______.

The outer boundary of each osteon is called the ______ line.

Canals also communicate with one another through transverse ______ canals.

Numerous irregularly shaped groups of parallel lamellae are called ______ lamellae.

Bone remodeling occurs continuously throughout ______.

Osteoclasts remove old bone and form small, ______-like cavities.

The antibiotic tetracycline labels new bone under the UV ______.

Bone tissue provides solid support for the body and protects vital organs such as those in the cranial and ______ cavities.

Bone tissue serves as a reservoir of calcium, phosphate, and other ______ that can be released or stored.

Bones form a system of ______ that multiply the forces generated during skeletal muscle contraction.

Osteocytes are found in cavities called ______ between bone matrix layers.

_______ are growing cells that synthesize and secrete the organic components of the matrix

_______ are giant, multinucleated cells involved in removing calcified bone matrix and remodeling bone tissue.

The internal surfaces of bones are lined by a layer of connective tissue called the ______.

Depositing the inorganic components of bone depends on the activity of ______.

The zone of hypertrophy contains swollen, terminally differentiated ______, which compress the matrix into aligned spicules.

Type X collagen limits diffusion in the matrix and promotes ______ from the adjacent primary ossification center.

In the zone of calcified cartilage, chondrocytes about to undergo apoptosis release matrix vesicles and ______ to begin matrix calcification.

In the zone of ossification, bone tissue first appears as capillaries and ______ invade the now vacant chondrocytic lacunae.

Osteoblasts lay down a layer of new bone on the ______ cartilage matrix.

The epiphyseal plate does not change thickness because the rates of proliferation and destruction are approximately ______.

Growth in the circumference of long bones occurs through the activity of osteoblasts developing from ______ cells in the periosteum.

Calcium deficiency in children can lead to ______, a disease in which the bone matrix does not calcify normally.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary synthesizes ______, which stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor-1.

Lack of growth hormone during the growing years causes ______ dwarfism.

An excess of growth hormone causes excessive growth of the long bones, resulting in ______.

In adults, an increase in GH causes ______, where the bones become very thick.

In rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation causes destruction of the ______ cartilage.

Joints classified as ______ allow very limited or no movement.

______ join bones by dense connective tissue only, like the interosseous ligament of the inferior tibiofibular joint.

Symphyses have a thick pad of ______ between the thin articular cartilage covering the ends of the bones.

Intervertebral discs are large ______ between the articular surfaces of successive bony vertebral bodies.

Each disc has an outer portion called the ______ fibrosus, which consists of concentric fibrocartilage laminae.

The center of the annulus fibrosus contains a gel-like body called the ______ pulposus.

The nucleus pulposus consists of a viscous fluid matrix rich in ______ and type II collagen fibers.

A condition called a ______ or herniated disc occurs when there is displacement of the nucleus pulposus.

Joints classified as ______ permit free bone movement and allow for great mobility.

In a diarthrosis, a capsule of dense connective tissue maintains proper ______ of the bones.

The joint cavity in a diarthrosis contains synovial fluid, which is a ______ liquid that lubricates the joint.