Hand Sanitizers, Chowmein Ingredients

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Questions and Answers

During the pandemic, hand sanitizers were widely used. What is the primary active ingredient responsible for their disinfecting properties?

  • Water
  • Ethanol or Isopropyl alcohol (correct)
  • Fragrance
  • Glycerol

After using a hand sanitizer, many people experience a certain effect on their skin. Which of the following is the most common immediate effect?

  • Increased skin hydration
  • A sticky residue
  • A cooling sensation
  • Dryness (correct)

Do all types of alcohols used in sanitizers have the same impact on the skin's surface? Choose the most accurate answer.

  • Yes, but only if they are mixed with moisturizers.
  • No, different alcohols can have varying effects on the skin; some may be more drying than others. (correct)
  • Yes, all alcohols have similar effects on the skin due to their chemical structure.
  • No, only synthetic alcohols have a drying effect.

Which of the following alcohols is generally considered more skin-friendly and used in cosmetic formulations?

<p>Cetyl alcohol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When preparing chowmein, numerous ingredients combine to create its distinctive flavor. Which of the following ingredients is most likely to contribute to its umami taste?

<p>Soy sauce (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ingredient commonly used in chowmein preparation is known for providing a characteristic tangy flavor?

<p>Vinegar (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If someone were aiming to reduce the drying effect of a hand sanitizer while maintaining its effectiveness, which ingredient would be most beneficial to add?

<p>Glycerol to act as a humectant and draw moisture to the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hand sanitizers, what is the primary mechanism by which alcohols such as ethanol and isopropyl alcohol kill microbes?

<p>By denaturing proteins and disrupting cell membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary disadvantage of thermal power plants?

<p>Emission of greenhouse gases and air pollutants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant environmental concern associated with hydel power generation?

<p>Alteration of river ecosystems and impact on aquatic life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of nuclear power compared to thermal power plants that use fossil fuels?

<p>Significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions during operation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors could limit the feasibility of expanding hydel power generation in a particular region?

<p>High levels of seismic activity increasing dam construction risks. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the safe disposal of radioactive waste a major challenge for nuclear power?

<p>Radioactive materials remain hazardous for thousands of years. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential economic disadvantage of relying heavily on thermal power plants fueled by imported fossil fuels?

<p>Exposure to fluctuating global fuel prices and supply disruptions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that affects the efficiency of electricity generation in thermal power plants?

<p>The calorific value of the fuel used. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compared to thermal and hydel power, what is a disadvantage of nuclear power regarding plant construction?

<p>More complex permitting and regulatory processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might climate change impact the reliability of hydel power generation?

<p>Altered precipitation patterns causing droughts or floods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of using advanced nuclear reactor designs compared to traditional reactors?

<p>Enhanced safety features and reduced risk of meltdowns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key advantage of using hydrogen as a fuel source?

<p>It produces water as a byproduct when combusted. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge associated with the widespread adoption of hydrogen as a fuel?

<p>Efficient and cost-effective methods for hydrogen production from renewable sources are still under development. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the need for sustainable energy solutions, how does hydrogen fuel align with this goal?

<p>It directly reduces reliance on fossil fuels if produced from renewable sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes a disadvantage of using hydrogen fuel cells in transportation?

<p>The storage of hydrogen on-board vehicles presents technical challenges. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How might the existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure be utilized to support a transition to a hydrogen-based economy?

<p>The pipelines can be repurposed to transport hydrogen blends or pure hydrogen with some modifications and upgrades. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role could carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology play in making hydrogen production more sustainable?

<p>CCS can capture carbon dioxide emitted during hydrogen production from fossil fuels, reducing its environmental impact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When considering the economic viability of hydrogen as a mainstream fuel, which factor is most critical in determining its success?

<p>The development of inexpensive and widely available hydrogen refueling infrastructure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach would best leverage hydrogen fuel to contribute to a more sustainable energy future?

<p>Investing in research and development of renewable-based hydrogen production methods and efficient storage solutions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes green hydrogen from other forms of hydrogen production?

<p>It does not produce harmful greenhouse gas emissions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a hydrogen production method releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, how would it be classified?

<p>Not as green hydrogen, because it produces greenhouse gas emissions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most important when determining if hydrogen is 'green'?

<p>The absence of greenhouse gas emissions during the production process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most crucial consideration for classifying hydrogen as 'green'?

<p>The source of energy used in the hydrogen production process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods would be considered a way to produce green hydrogen?

<p>Using nuclear power to power electrolysis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary environmental benefit of using green hydrogen over other forms of energy?

<p>It significantly decreases greenhouse gas emissions during production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the production of green hydrogen contribute to combating climate change?

<p>By providing a clean energy source and decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what applications would using green hydrogen have the most significant immediate impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions?

<p>In long-distance transportation and industrial processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key challenge in scaling up green hydrogen production to meet global energy demands?

<p>High production costs and the need for more renewable energy sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the current energy landscape, what role is green hydrogen expected to play in the future?

<p>It is expected to complement other renewable sources in a diversified energy mix. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods aligns with green hydrogen production?

<p>Electrolysis of water using solar power. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary environmental benefit of producing hydrogen through electrolysis powered by renewable energy sources?

<p>Zero carbon dioxide emissions during the production process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which renewable energy source is commonly used in green hydrogen production through electrolysis?

<p>Solar power (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of electrochemical reactions in the production of green hydrogen?

<p>To split the water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the environmental impact of traditional hydrogen production methods (e.g., steam methane reforming) compared to green hydrogen production?

<p>Traditional methods release significant amounts of carbon dioxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides solar and wind, what other renewable energy source could potentially power the electrolysis of water for green hydrogen production?

<p>Hydropower (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why it is important to use clean generated electricity from renewable energy sources to produce green hydrogen?

<p>To minimize the carbon footprint of hydrogen production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant challenge in the widespread adoption of green hydrogen production?

<p>The high cost of renewable energy infrastructure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the water electrolysis process, what byproduct is produced in addition to hydrogen?

<p>Oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a facility uses wind power to electrolyze water and produces 10 kg of hydrogen, approximately how much oxygen is also produced, considering the stoichiometry of water?

<p>80 kg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'green' aspect of green hydrogen?

<p>The source of energy used to produce the hydrogen. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of widespread green hydrogen adoption on the fossil fuel industry?

<p>Reduced reliance on fossil fuels for energy production. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a company is looking to invest in green hydrogen production, which factor should they consider to ensure the lowest environmental impact?

<p>The carbon intensity of the electricity powering the electrolysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical plant currently uses hydrogen produced from natural gas. If the plant switches to green hydrogen, what changes might they need to make to their infrastructure?

<p>Upgrade water purification systems to supply electrolysis. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately compares the energy inputs of producing hydrogen via steam methane reforming (SMR) versus electrolysis using renewable energy?

<p>SMR requires fossil fuels as an energy source, while electrolysis requires electricity from renewable sources. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to शोभित, what is the primary source of information regarding microplastics in food, as mentioned in the conversation?

<p>A research article published in the Nature journal in 2021. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size threshold defined by रिचर्ड थॉमसन for a plastic fragment to be classified as a microplastic?

<p>Less than 5mm in size. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the discussion, where have microplastics NOT been found?

<p>In volcanic lava. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do some scientists believe microplastics have on marine organisms and सूक्ष्मजीव?

<p>They absorb toxins, which disrupt उपपचयन and negatively affect reproduction and life span. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the key finding of the 2017 research by ऑस्ट्रेलियन researchers regarding microplastic fibers?

<p>Microplastic fibers significantly impacted सूक्ष्मजीव, leading to fewer and smaller larvae and altered physical structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the discussion, why is microplastic pollution more serious in the deep sea?

<p>Plastics that reach the deep sea cannot be removed and their effects are long-lasting. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential effect of microplastics on the human body is compared to the effect of SPM (suspended particulate matter) in the air?

<p>Accumulation in the lungs, causing inflammation and potentially cancer. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential impact of microplastics on the अंतः स्रावी प्रणाली, as discussed?

<p>Disruption of hormone production, potentially leading to imbalance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was observed in the study conducted on mice regarding the accumulation of microplastics?

<p>Microplastics smaller than 5 micrometers accumulated in the intestines and liver, causing abnormalities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the size criterion that differentiates nanoplastics from microplastics, as mentioned in the conversation?

<p>Nanoplastics are smaller than 1 micrometer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the current scientific consensus on the effects of microplastics on human health?

<p>Research is ongoing, but there is not yet definitive proof of significant harm to human health. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on शोभित's statements, what is a known risk associated with heating plastic in a microwave?

<p>Release of microplastics into the food. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential environmental impact is highlighted by the fact that microplastics have been found in remote locations like Antarctica and the summit of Mount Everest?

<p>Microplastic pollution is globally widespread and affects even the most remote environments. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the researchers mentioned, what is a potential consequence of microplastic ingestion by सूक्ष्मजीव?

<p>Disrupted उपपचयन and reduced reproductive capacity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the ongoing research into nanoplastics, as opposed to microplastics?

<p>Nanoplastics are smaller and may have different or more severe impacts than microplastics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Hand sanitizer main ingredient

Sanitizers disinfect hands, with alcohol as the main active ingredient

Main Chowmein ingredients

Chowmein ingredients include noodles, vegetables, sauces, and spices

Tangy Flavor in Chowmein

The tangy flavor in chowmein often comes from vinegar or soy sauce.

Why is alcohol in sanitizer?

Alcohols are used in sanitizers due to their antimicrobial properties.

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Alcohol on skin

Alcohols can indeed dry out the skin, this can vary between alcohol types.

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Skin friendly alcohols

Some skin-friendly alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and cetearyl alcohol.

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Green Hydrogen

Hydrogen produced without greenhouse gas emissions.

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Greenhouse Gases

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

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Detailed Report

A detailed, well-structured document presenting information, analysis, and conclusions.

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Thermal Power

Electricity generated by using heat to create steam, which turns turbines.

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Hydel Power

Electricity generated by the force of moving water turning turbines.

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Nuclear Power

Electricity generated from nuclear fission, which heats water to create steam and turn turbines.

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Debate

A structured discussion where different perspectives on a topic are presented and argued.

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Advantages

Benefits or positive outcomes of using a particular method or technology.

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Disadvantages

Drawbacks or negative aspects of using a particular method or technology.

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Triangular Debate

A discussion involving three viewpoints.

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Electricity Generation

The process of producing electrical energy from other forms of energy.

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Turbines

Kinetic energy is harnessed to turn a turbine.

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What is Hydrogen Fuel?

A fuel source that produces only water as a byproduct when burned.

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Hydrogen Fuel Advantages

High energy content, zero carbon emissions at the point of use.

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Hydrogen Fuel Disadvantages

Challenges in production, storage, and transportation.

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Conventional energy sources

Sources of energy that are from the earth, and will eventually run out.

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Non-conventional energy sources

Renewable and sustainable energy sources

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Sustainable world

Progressing towards methods that do not deplete resources

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Hydrogen and Cleanliness

Hydrogen only produces water while fuel combustion.

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Unit summary

We have explored conventional and non conventional energy sources.

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Electrolysis of Water

The process of using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

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Renewable Energy

Sources like solar and wind used to power green hydrogen production.

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Electrochemical Reactions

Electrochemical reactions break down water via electricity.

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Dissociation of Water

Splitting water molecules (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2).

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Zero-Carbon Emission

Green hydrogen production emits no carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

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Solar-Powered Electrolysis

Using solar energy to power the process of water electrolysis.

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Wind-Powered Electrolysis

Employing wind turbines to generate electricity for water electrolysis.

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Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Technology that directly uses sunlight to split water molecules.

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Biological Hydrogen Production

Using biological organisms to produce hydrogen.

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Thermochemical Water Splitting

Employing heat from renewable sources to drive hydrogen production.

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Carbon Capture and Storage

Capturing and storing carbon dioxide, a byproduct of some hydrogen processes.

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Byproduct Hydrogen

Hydrogen created as a byproduct of other industrial processes, using waste heat or resources.

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Hybrid Renewable Systems

Combining renewable energy sources to optimize hydrogen production.

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Dynamic Electrolysis

Electrolyzers can quickly adjust hydrogen production based on energy input.

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Microplastics

Tiny plastic pieces, less than 5mm, found everywhere.

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Impact of Microplastics on Marine Life

Absorbed toxins on microplastics disrupt metabolism and reproduction in marine life.

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Microplastics' Effect on Microorganisms

Microplastic fibers change the physical structure and reduce the size of microorganisms.

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Microplastics Fibers effect on Pacific Mole Crabs

A type of fiber that decreases life span of Pacific mole crabs.

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Deep Sea Microplastic Pollution

A place where microplastic pollution is especially severe because plastics that reach there cannot be cleaned.

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Metabolism

The ways that the body manages chemical processes.

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Human impact of microplastics

Scientists believe that these particles may cause toxicity to the human body.

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Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

Particulate matter that causes swelling and cancer.

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Hormone Production Disruption

Chemical messengers affected negatively by Microplastics.

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Endocrine System

Glands releasing hormones.

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Microplastic Accumulation Effects

Smaller plastics accumulate in organs, causing abnormalities.

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Nanoplastics

Plastics smaller than 1 micrometer, currently under research.

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Nature Journal

The journal of science that published the research on microplastics in 2021.

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Dunzhu Li

Scientist that researched microplastics from baby bottles.

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Richard Thomson

The marine biologist who defined microplastics by their size.

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