Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What part of the brain controls thermoregulation?
Which of the following hormones can influence body temperature?
During which time periods are diurnal variations commonly observed?
In which age group is a normal body temperature higher on average?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average normal body temperature range for adults over age 65?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of thermometer is no longer the instrument of choice for temperature measurement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to refer to deep, rapid respirations?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of breathing involves the movement of the diaphragm?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the normal range for the respiratory rate in adults per minute?
Signup and view all the answers
Which respiratory rhythm is characterized by very deep, very shallow breaths with apnea?
Signup and view all the answers
What does apnea refer to in terms of respiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the amount of air a person takes in during normal inspiration and expiration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the most effective methods recommended by the CDC for preventing and controlling the transmission of infection?
Signup and view all the answers
When should healthcare providers perform hand hygiene according to the 5 moments of hand hygiene?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of hand hygiene in relation to reducing microorganisms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the correct step to follow after applying an adequate amount of soap during handwashing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which action is recommended to be avoided during handwashing to prevent splashing water?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does the CDC recommend that healthcare providers should not wear artificial fingernails or extensions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the temperature range for afebrile status?
Signup and view all the answers
Which temperature measurement site is considered inconvenient and more unpleasant for clients?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used for body temperature above the usual range?
Signup and view all the answers
Why can a thermometer break when measuring oral temperature?
Signup and view all the answers
Which temperature measurement site is safe, non-invasive, and easily accessible?
Signup and view all the answers
What temperature range reflects hypothermia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the pressure exerted by the blood as it flows through the arteries?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor affects blood pressure due to its role in the pumping action of the heart?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe blood pressure that is persistently above normal and usually asymptomatic?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor does not affect blood pressure according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for a blood pressure that falls when the client sits or stands?
Signup and view all the answers
Which combination of factors affects blood pressure due to their impact on the diastolic and systolic pressures?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Thermoregulation
- The hypothalamus is the part of the brain that controls thermoregulation, sending signals to muscles, organs, glands, and the nervous system to respond to changes in internal temperature.
- Factors that influence body temperature include:
- Age
- Diurnal variations (4pm-9pm/4am-6am)
- Exercise
- Hormones (e.g. progesterone)
- Stress (e.g. epinephrine, norepinephrine)
- Illness (e.g. infection)
- Environment
Body Temperature
- Normal body temperature range: 96.4°F - 99.1°F (35.8°C - 37°C)
- Average body temperature: 98.6°F (37°C)
- Axillary temperature: 1 degree lower than average body temperature
- Rectal temperature: 1 degree higher than average body temperature
- Average body temperature varies from person to person, with individual ranges potentially differing by up to 1°F (0.6°C)
Age and Body Temperature
- Babies and children: 97.9°F - 99°F (36.6°C - 37.2°C)
- Adults: 98.1°F - 99°F (36.1°C - 37.2°C)
- Adults over 65: 98.6°F (36.2°C)
Thermometers
- Types of thermometers:
- Glass thermometers (no longer commonly used)
- Electronic/digital thermometers
- Tympanic thermometer (measures temperature in 2 seconds)
- Temperature-sensitive tape (measures temperature in 15 seconds)
Respiratory System
- Process of breathing: inhalation and exhalation
- Types of breathing:
- Costal (thoracic) breathing
- Diaphragmatic (abdominal) breathing
- Tidal volume: amount of air taken in during normal inspiration and expiration
- Respiratory rhythm:
- Normal rhythm
- Cheyne-Stokes (very deep, very shallow with apnea)
- Kussmaul's (rapid, deep, labored breathing)
- Biots (shallow breaths interrupted by clusters of apnea)
- Respiratory character:
- Effortless
- Quiet
- Normal
- Deep
- Shallow
- Patterns of respiration:
- Rate: 12-20 breaths/min (normal), >24 breaths/min (tachypnea), <10 breaths/min (bradypnea)
- Depth: normal, deep, shallow
- Effort: normal, difficult (dyspnea)
Blood Pressure
- Definition: pressure exerted by blood as it flows through arteries
- Determinants of blood pressure:
- Pumping action of the heart
- Peripheral vascular resistance
- Blood volume
- Blood viscosity
- Factors affecting blood pressure:
- Age
- Exercise
- Stress
- Race
- Obesity
- Medications
- Sex/gender
- Diurnal variations
- Disease process
- Temperature
Classification of Blood Pressure
- Hypertension: blood pressure persistently above normal
- Hypotension: blood pressure below normal
- Orthostatic hypotension: blood pressure that falls when sitting or standing
Hand Hygiene
- Purpose: reduce microorganisms on hands, reduce transmission of microorganisms to clients, reduce cross-contamination among clients, and reduce transmission of infectious organisms to oneself
- 5 Moments of Hand Hygiene:
- Before touching a patient
- Before performing clean/aseptic procedures
- After body fluid exposure/risk
- After touching a patient
- After touching patient surroundings
- Hand washing procedure:
- Open tap, adjust temperature, and wet hands under continuous running water
- Apply adequate amount of soap to cover all surfaces of hands
- Rub hands palm to palm, etc. (follows specific hand washing procedure)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on hand hygiene techniques including handwashing, antiseptic hand wash, antiseptic hand rub, and surgical hand antisepsis. Learn about the importance of hand hygiene in preventing infection transmission according to CDC guidelines.
