Hand Hygiene and Infection Control
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the immune system?

  • To produce antibiotics
  • To produce vaccines
  • To identify normal flora
  • To defend the body against disease-causing pathogens (correct)

    • What is the purpose of standard precautions in infection control?

  • To classify laboratories
  • To put on personal protective equipment
  • To prevent the spread of infectious diseases (correct)
  • To identify types of pathogens

    • What is the term for microorganisms that are normally found in the body?

  • Normal Flora (correct)
  • Pathogens
  • Bacteria
  • Microorganisms

    • What is the purpose of contact precautions?

    <p>To prevent contact with infected individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for disease-causing microorganisms?

    <p>Pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct sequence of steps in handwashing?

    <p>Soap, rub, rinse, dry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of donning personal protective equipment?

    <p>To prevent the transmission of infectious diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of laboratories based on?

    <p>Level of biocontainment required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of international hospital codes?

    <p>To provide emergency response guidelines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an infection?

    <p>A condition in which pathogens have multiplied and destroyed many cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bacteria that are part of the normal flora in the gut?

    <p>Resident bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the technique of preventing the conditions that allow pathogens to live, multiply, and spread?

    <p>Medical Asepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a technique that destroys more pathogens than medical asepsis?

    <p>Surgical Asepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bodily substances that can transmit disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the microorganisms that are present on the skin and can cause infection?

    <p>Normal flora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of exposure that occurs through breaks in the skin?

    <p>Nonintact skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of exposure that occurs through accidental puncture of the skin?

    <p>Percutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the type of exposure that occurs through the mucous membranes?

    <p>Permucosal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of an epidemic to multiple countries and a large portion of the population?

    <p>Pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection is acquired after admission to a health care facility?

    <p>Nosocomial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are objects that can harbour infectious agents and transmit infections called?

    <p>Fomites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability of microorganisms to develop resistance to specific antibiotics a major threat to?

    <p>Healthcare associated infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria can cause bloating and diarrhea with abdominal pain?

    <p>Clostridium difficile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bacteria that is resistant to Methicillin and requires Vancomycin?

    <p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the effects of infections?

    <p>The immune system's attempt to get rid of the invading organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a localized infection?

    <p>It is confined to one area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bacteria that is resistant to Vancomycin?

    <p>Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the acronym that stands for the signs of localized infection?

    <p>SHARP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it not effective to use alcohol-based hand cleaner against C.difficile?

    <p>Alcohol-based hand cleaner is not effective against bacterial spores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an infectious disease that is consistently present in a particular area or population?

    <p>Endemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the problem of microorganisms developing resistance to specific antibiotics?

    <p>Antibiotic resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an outbreak of an infectious disease?

    <p>It is a more serious spread of an infectious disease to a new area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a disease that affects a very large population or region?

    <p>Pandemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of an infectious disease?

    <p>It is not affected by geography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the body?

    <p>Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between an endemic and an epidemic?

    <p>An endemic is a consistently present disease, while an epidemic is a rapid spread of disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the mucous membranes?

    <p>To trap foreign materials that can cause damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cilia?

    <p>To propel mucous and trapped foreign materials out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tears?

    <p>To protect the eyes with a flushing action and special chemicals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can affect the immune system?

    <p>Genetics, level of health, degree of illness, amount of stress, psychological make up, and age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to keep your body healthy?

    <p>Keeping good nutrition, rest, and low stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should you wash your hands?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of saliva?

    <p>To kill some microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of white blood cells?

    <p>To specialize in fighting infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hydrochloric acid?

    <p>To kill most microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Handwashing

    • Handwashing is a crucial step in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
    • The correct steps in handwashing include:
      • Turning on taps
      • Wetting hands
      • Applying soap
      • Lathering hands for 15-20 seconds
      • Rinsing hands to remove soap with fingers down
      • Washing 2 inches above the wrist
      • Turning off taps with paper towel - discard
      • Drying hands with a clean paper towel - discard
    • When to wash hands:
      • Before and after taking blood from a patient
      • After contact with blood or other body fluids
      • After contact with contaminated items
      • After removing gloves
      • Between patients
      • Before contact with food
      • After personal use of toilet or wiping your nose
      • When hands are visibly soiled

    Immune System

    • The immune system defends the body against disease-causing pathogens through various mechanisms.
    • The immune system's attempt to get rid of invading microorganisms causes the effects of infections.
    • Factors that affect the immune system:
      • Genetics
      • Level of health
      • Degree of illness
      • Amount of stress
      • Psychological make-up
      • Age - slows and weakens in elderly

    Infection Control

    • Standard practices in infection control are essential in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
    • Different types of precautions include:
      • Standard precautions
      • Contact precautions
      • Airborne precautions
    • Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn correctly to prevent infection.
    • The correct steps in putting on and taking off PPE include:
      • Providing step-by-step instructions on properly donning and doffing PPE

    Microorganisms

    • Microorganisms are living things that can only be seen through a microscope.
    • Types of microorganisms:
      • Bacteria
      • Pathogens - disease-causing microorganisms
      • Normal flora - bacteria normally found in the body
    • Normal flora can cause infections if they enter the body through a break in the skin or mucous membranes.

    Laboratories

    • Laboratories are classified based on the level of risk and the type of microorganisms handled.
    • Classification of laboratories includes:
      • Biosafety level 1 (BSL-1)
      • Biosafety level 2 (BSL-2)
      • Biosafety level 3 (BSL-3)
      • Biosafety level 4 (BSL-4)

    Infections

    • An infection occurs when a microorganism enters the body and causes harm.
    • Types of infections:
      • Localized infection - confined to one area
      • Systemic infection - spreads throughout the body
    • Signs of infection:
      • Localized: swelling, redness, pain, loss of function, pus, and affected area could be "hot"
      • Systemic: increased temperature, lethargy, and generalized pain
    • SHARP acronym:
      • S - Swelling
      • H - Heat
      • A - Aching
      • R - Redness
      • P - Pus

    Diseases

    • A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the body.
    • Infectious diseases are not bound by geography and can spread globally.
    • Types of disease outbreaks:
      • Endemic - an infectious disease that spreads throughout an area, community, or country
      • Outbreak - a more serious spread of an infectious disease to a new area
      • Epidemic - a rapid spread of an infectious disease that infects more people than expected
      • Pandemic - a widespread epidemic that affects a large portion of the population globally

    Asepsis

    • Medical asepsis - preventing the conditions that allow pathogens to live, multiply, and spread
    • Surgical asepsis - a technique that destroys more pathogens than medical asepsis
    • Objects that can harbor infectious agents and transmit infections are called fomites.

    Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs)

    • An infection acquired after admission to a healthcare facility is called a nosocomial infection or HAI.
    • HAIs can be caused by resistant pathogens, such as:
      • Clostridium difficile
      • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
      • Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA)

    Antibiotic Resistance

    • The ability of microorganisms to develop resistance to specific antibiotics is a continuing problem in healthcare.
    • Resistant pathogens are a major threat in HAIs.
    • Examples of resistant pathogens include:
      • Clostridium difficile
      • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
      • Enterococcus gram-negative bacteria
      • Tuberculosis (TB)

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    Related Documents

    Unit 3 Infectious control 1.0.docx

    Description

    This quiz covers the importance of hand hygiene and when to wash hands to prevent infection, as well as the steps involved in proper handwashing.

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